The National Pension System ( Nps ) Essay - 1284 Words

The poverty rate amongst the elders in Korea’s especially aging population is very high, it has been a very high contributor to income inequality over the past few decades . As of OECD reports in 2011 have indicated 49 percent of the population above the age of 65 lived in relative poverty. The figure in Korea is extremely high compared to the OECD average which is 13 percent. The BOAP was introduced relatively late in 2008 which covers roughly about 70 percent of the population with the benefit of 97 thousand KRW which is 16 percent of the minimum cost of living in 2014. Although there is a relative generosity in covering a large number of population for the welfare program, the BOAP has not been able to prevent a significant rise of elderly poverty rate and the GINI coefficient since 2007 . In addition to the introduction of BOAP, there was an introduction to the National Pension System (NPS). In 2013, only 29% of the age group 65 and above have benefited from the pension system. The pension coverage was also very small with only 310 thousand KRW which is about $298 per month. Moreover, there is a wide gender gap in its recipients, with 40 percent of men receiving it compared to only 15 percent of women. The relatively low participants of the NPS scheme reflects its recent introduction in 1989 . In order to address the issues of dualism in the labor market, the government tried limiting the usage of non-regular workers but also at the same time endeavored toShow MoreRelatedThe Contemporary Role Of The Nurse Practitioner1628 Words   |  7 Pagescontemporary role of the nurse practitioner in the care of U.S. veterans within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) system. The VHA is is one of the largest employers of advanced practice providers (APPs) in the United States. Currently some role confusion exists between nurse practitioners (NPs), physician assistants (PAs) and physicians within the system. In addition to role confusion, NPs are practicing at various levels across the country demonstrating a lack of standardization of care within theRead Moreeffects of centralized vs. decentralized bargaining structures on wages, inflation, strikes, the bargaining process, and the negotiation process3314 Words   |  14 Pagesemployers in wage setting and other aspects of indus trial relations. Although collective bargaining has the general objective of supplementing or supplanting, the free market, it has not followed a uniform pattern of development in different national or industrial situations. Instead, a variety of institutional arrangements have evolved in implementing bargaining relationships between employers and employees organizations.1 These differences at the structural level of bargaining brought contrastingRead MoreImpact of Financial Crisis on Polish Economy1666 Words   |  7 Pagestime author mentions the availability of reserves for firms and expects the investment rates to improve. Another economic concern raised was high unemployment rate and the author suggested the government to introduce reforms in pension and health care system. The national ledgers also mark a red line under the current account; this deficit has grown from 3.2% in 2008 of GDP from 1.8% of GDP in 2009. The author analyzes that these levels of deficit are moderate but points at poor quality data ofRead MoreSearch3521 Words   |  15 Pagesemployee and employer contributions. Employees contribute up to 12% of basic salary with an option of paying an additional 12% contribution. Employers also pay 12% of basic salary, out of which 8.33% is used to fund the pension portion of the provident fund, called the Employee Pension Scheme. The remaining 3.67% is deposited into the employee’s Provident Fund account. Interest is credited at a rate that is announced by EPFO each year in consultation with the government. Employers pay an additionalRead MorePublic Benefits And Goods : The Peak District National Park2409 Words   |  10 Pages 1. Managing the land for the full range of public benefits and goods: The Peak District National Park provides a wide range of public benefits (ecosystem services) some of which are not widely recognised. ï‚ § The natural environment is vital for our current and future wellbeing and prosperity. The Office for National Statistics has estimated the value of the UK’s ‘natural capital’ to be  £1.6 trillion. ï‚ § The Peak District provides a range of public benefits such as clean air and water, flood preventionRead MoreThe Nurses Should Be A Strict Nurse Patient Ratio2025 Words   |  9 Pagestheir own. With the help of non-violence protesting, drastic improvements are being made within the healthcare system to this day as a result. At the majority of hospitals in the United States, the nurse-patient ratio is well off balance and nurses are simply overworked and not paid enough for all they do. Within the past decade or so, nurses have not been happy with the healthcare system we have in place today. As a result, many protests and strikes have taken place. At the majority of hospitalsRead MoreThe New Health Care System3245 Words   |  13 PagesA. The Impetus for Health Reform The American current health care system is in the middle of big changes. With the emerging of new expensive and highly designed technologies, old and new professionals especially ones in managerial positions will need to understand the impetus for this change. Also, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) is Emerging to the current health care system. ACA was approved with the goals of increasing the affordability and quality of health care insurance. ItRead MoreSingle vs Multiple Financial Regulators12736 Words   |  51 PagesSINGLE Vs. MULTIPLE FINANCIAL REGULATORS An analysis of the financial regulatory systems followed around the world By: Sudharsan S Sandeep Kumar Natharali Razvi Vijay PJ Natarajan P Neeraj Kannoth (118) (110) (32) (59) (31) (106) INTRODUCTION Financial systems and financial regulators are entities setup by the government of a country to ensure the availability and flow of financial resources in a fair and lawful manner without exploitation or monopolization of the resource by individualsRead MoreSri Lankas Naval Force Essay3417 Words   |  14 Pagesthe focus areas of Sri Lanka Navy and developments required for it’s future. CHALENGES FOR CURRENT PROGRESS Specific Area of Focus 5. The naval profession has become very complex in the present day, with the development of new weapon systems, which in turns give new capabilities. Sri Lankan Navy required focus on various improvements. With the development of any country it defence force also being developed. World will demand many responsibilities from Sri Lanka Navy in Indian Ocean RegionRead MoreExplain How Own Role Fits Within the Delivery of the Service Provider5534 Words   |  23 Pagesyoure on long-term sick leave, for example, this means that you should still usually be able to receive your payslip.Tax code and National Insurance number: Your tax code is given to you by the Inland Revenue - it tells your employers how much tax to deduct from your pay. If you have the wrong tax code you could end up paying too much or too little tax. Your National Insurance (NI) number is also usually shown on your payslip. You have to have a NI number to work in the UK, and it stays the same

Analysis of Tell tale heart - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1262 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: The Tell-Tale Heart Essay Did you like this example? Humans perception on reality is very much varied. All of us are placed into specific lifestyles that end up playing a huge role on whom we become. Which makes every individual different therefore no one is the same. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis of Tell tale heart" essay for you Create order But each go through inner conflicts by themselves. Ginsberg noticed in the 1950s that across our country each human goes through various amounts of conflicts and insanitys. The events that takes place in a persons life correlate to how one may become. In Ginsbergs Howl its expressed that no matter how long or tough the road of life is, no one has to do it alone, and also there are many ways to find peace within ourselves to be able to get through the chapters of life. Names create an identity, and an identity is forged through experience. We all see the world through different lenses, and this is what leads to our perception of reality. There are problems that arise in our everyday lives, and the question often asked is who is affected. Who is the who? In part one of Howl, Allen Ginsberg emphasizes that the who is the everyday man. From the looks of what Ginsberg experienced and written down as a poem, the 1950s generation seems dismal. The who represents people that are struggling to make a living such as those wept at the romance of the streets with their pushcarts full of onions and bad music (line 48). These people abhor their current situation and to further show their disgruntled outlook on the lives they are living, they own push carts that have onions and bad music. We can also see that the who is desperate. Many people would do whatever it takes to make the dream of a high life come true, such as those plunged themselves under meat truc ks looking for an egg (line 52). Ginsberg is metaphorically speaking in this line, as the egg could represent the limited opportunities that were given during this time period. Searching for such a rarity is much like finding a needle in a haystack. The 1950s was seen as a ballad, demonstrating that everyone was born to be wild through Ginsbergs point of view. As an example, they went out whoring through Colorado in myriad stolen night-cars (line 43). Allen Ginsberg also gives us a picture of the carefree lifestyle the younger generation had during this time period such as going to moviehouses rickety rows, on mountaintops in caves (line 43). There is a chasm that divides the youth from the old. The old is concerned for the future, while the young, in a way, is given carte blanche. Only the young can enjoy life even though they are somewhat oblivious to what is going on in the world. The 1950s saw its share of the tale of two cities. One where a carefree life is lived and the other where there is turmoil. In part I, the who is also those that fear the worse to come, as created suicidal dramas on the apartment cliff-bank of the Hudson under the wartime blue flood light of the moon (line 46). Peace appears to be the last thing on everyones mind since war could escalate between the two super nations during this time. Maybe by doing what seems like haphazard activities allow people to indirectly express themselves, thereby giving acceptance to the daily grind they must go through. People tend to find reasons to justify why certain things happen, and often this is done by using a scapegoat. In part II of Howl, Ginsberg depicts adversity as Moloch, a god that children are sacrificed to. Moloch is seen as the institution in which society is surrendered under. Moloch is the head games, as Ginsberg states that Moloch whose name is the Mind! (line 85), and that our view of reality is a reflection of how the mind perceives the surroundings. Ginsberg angrily blames Moloch for being the inner demon that resides within him, as entered my soul early! (line 87). This line could refer to the way how he was borninstitutionalized. Ginsberg further shows antipathy towards Moloch as the reason he is a consciousness without a body who frightened me out of my natural ecstasy! (line 87). In addition, because he is under Molochs oppression, Ginsberg figuratively casts away his own values and himself as an individual down the American river! (line 90). He is saying to give up being a human being to become pure machinery (line 83) that does what it is supposed to do. We unknowingly became enslaved under Moloch since he is the sphinx of cement and aluminum bashed open skulls and ate up brains and imagination (line 79). Ginsberg tells us that we have eyes are a thousand blind windows (line 84), meaning that we are unknowingly brainwashed into doing the tasks created by Moloch. In a way, Ginsberg allowed himself to regain peace of mind b y rambling on about a deity being in every aspect of his life. His emotions are not bottled up, and the way he is able to let go is through his poems, particularly within Howl. In part III and the footnote of Howl, the tone of the poem takes a 180 degree turnaround. There are no obscure intellectual rants about Moloch and what is going on in America which happened in parts I and II. Ginsberg in a way starts to mellow out and began to accept reality as it is. Furthermore, he realizes that he is not alone in coping with the everyday drudgery of life itself. He starts by earnestly telling his friend Carl Solomon that Im with you in Rockland (line 94). Ginsberg met Solomon in Columbia Presbyterian Psychiatric Institute, where Solomon was treated there for depression with insulin shock (Charters par. 7). There was a common ground between the two, both men were great writers on the same dreadful typewriter (line 99), as well as being among twenty-five-thousand mad comrades all together singing the final stanzas of the Internationale (line 109). Ginsbergs mother was admitted to many psychiatric wards and eventually passed away in one; Solomon becomes a comfort for Ginsberg as he saw the shade of my mother (line 96). The tight bond shared between the two allowed them to get through hell-on-earth experiences such as going through fifty more shocks (line 106). Ginsberg and Solomons friendship gave both men internal peace to ward off the destruction of the outer world. The footnotes relay the word holy beyond redundancy. However, this is where the idea of what we originally thought of sacredness is altered. Instead of pureness, Ginsberg is all for derogatory and adulterated values that often society frowns down upon such as nakedness, where The skin is holy! (line 114). Everything that society views negatively, Ginsberg turns the other cheek. Additionally, Ginsberg satirically uses the word holy as a means of accepting the fact that one man alone cannot buck the system also known as Moloch the institution. Instead of trying to change society, he searches for the good, the Angel in Moloch! (line 124). Gaining a sense of peace seems very difficult during the 1950s. It appears that in order to have a sense of tranquility in ones life, external factors influence the internal, not the other way around. Often as a society, we aim for a quick-fix to dealing with our problems. We might use alcohol or drugs to temporarily null the situation, but not necessarily the smartest way to go about doing so. For Ginsberg, to gain a peace of mind was to write down unorthodox poems. This was his way of dealing with the head games that life plays with him.

Genocide in Laos During the Vietnam War - 582 Words

A genocide that is still currently happening is the one in Laos which is the result of the Vietnam War. It was a war against the communist North and the democratic South with the help of the U.S. The U.S got involved because they want to prevent the spread of communism, which is known as the â€Å"domino theory† where if a surrounding country falls into the ideology of †¦ then the rest will fall with it. The leader of North Vietnam was Ho Chi Minh, a strong dictator that managed to get support of his people. He states that the South was being used as a puppet state by the American. A lot of American dislikes this war and many oppose it, however many Americans don’t know that there was actually another war going on known as the Secret War. In the early 1960 with the war happening in Vietnam, American troops were landing in the outskirts of Laos, where at that time between 300,000 – 400,000 hill side villagers were living; these people were known as Hmong. Wit hout much knowledge of the location, and with the guerilla warfare used by the Vietcong, the CIA recruited the Hmongs to help counter the Vietcong and to block off the Ho Chi Minh Trail, this war was known as the Secret War. This caused the war to eventually be pushed into Laos which was a neutral nation at the time. In return, the U.S promised to provide supply and support; however the Hmong were simply fighting for their freedom to live peacefully. When the U.S pulled out of the war, the communist were able to take over theShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Secret War in Laos: Why Was It a Secret?1635 Words   |  7 Pagesknow. In the beginning of the Vietnam War, Laos was declared a neutral zone at a conference in Geneva by the United States and the Soviet Union (Jones, 2007). As the disputes about Laos’ future government structure continued, the United States believed it was time to take action and continue their fight against communism (Young; Buzzanco, 2006). The American s were fighting the Cold War for the containment of communism and to make the world safe for democracy. If Laos became a communist country, communismRead MoreThe Secret War And How It Affected The Hmong People1230 Words   |  5 PagesTOPIC: The Secret War and how it affected the Hmong people. SPECIFIC PURPOSE: At the end of my speech, my audience will get a better sense of what the Secret War was and how it affected the Hmong people. INTRODUCTION: Just by the name itself, it can already be implied to what the â€Å"Secret War† was. It was a war that was kept as a secret from the public, and by public, I mean the American public. Many of you may wonder what exactly is the secret war, and I will explain that throughout my speech. ButRead MoreMany Years of Civil War in Cambodia840 Words   |  3 PagesCambodia is a country located in south-east Asia bordering Vietnam and Laos. There had been many years of Civil War in Cambodia as well as war with their neighbour, Vietnam. In 1975, a new leader Pol Plot gained power and genocide broke out in the country as minority ethnic groups like the Vietnamese, Chinese, Cham Muslims and other smaller groups were attacked. Other people were also targeted such as all professional people as well as any political opposition. This essay will discuss to what extentRead MoreWhy Vietnam Invaded Cambodi Political Culture And The Causes Of War By Stephen J. Morris1286 Words   |  6 Pageshist orical novels associating with the Cambodian-Vietnamese Conflict. The Martin Luther King Jr. Library was the only library I could think that held historical chronicles. Primarily, I wanted to find a book called Why Vietnam Invaded Cambodia: Political Culture and the Causes of War by Stephen J. Morris. By quickly finding and examining the book on the Internet, this novel book was perfect for my topic; the title of the book was even a large giveaway for my topic. However, the library lost the novel;Read MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1224 Words   |  5 Pages Intervention in Vietnam. Second Analysis Paper Student’s Name Institution of Learning Introduction The Vietnamese was very detrimental because several people died. Indeed, the Just War Wage Policies (JWPs) were famous with the Vietnam War of 1961-64. Critically, the JWPs might fail in certain war cases owing to several challenges such as terrorism, lethal weapons, and genocide issues, which render this policy ineffective. Therefore, it is important to re-think whether this policyRead MoreThe Death Of The Khmer Rouge Party Leader, Pol Pot Seized Power Of Cambodia1619 Words   |  7 Pagesthat one comes accustomed to. This inevitable emotion has the ability to provoke people to engage in acts without thinking; but it is the acts that are premeditated that should be be classified as evil and brutal. This appalling endeavor is known as genocide, the deliberate destruction of a particular national, racial or religious group. Between the years of 1975 and 1979, the Khmer Rouge party leader, Pol Pot seized power of Cambodia and forced civilians of urban regions into rural lands for lab or inRead MoreThe Khmer Rouge s Rise Into Power1308 Words   |  6 Pagesa very effective war against Cambodian government forces. After ousting Sihanouk and taking control of the government, Lon Nol immediately set about to defeat the communists. After the US forces left South Vietnam in 1973, South Vietnam and the Cambodians had to fight the communists alone. In 1975 without the support of the United States the Khmer Rouge took over Cambodia which would be called Democratic Republic of Kampuchea or Kampuchea. Over 156,000 people died in the civil war, half of them beingRead MoreCommunist Rouge : The Khmer Rouge1539 Words   |  7 Pagesknown as the Vietnam People s Army. It was the ruling party of Cambodia from 1975 to 1979, It was lead by a ruler named pol pot who was ruthless and did not care what the people said. Some of Pol pots comrade s icluded, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen, and Khieu, These men worked together to help rule Cambodia.Its offical name was called the Democ ratic Kampuchua. Through there ruling the Khmer Rouge made freinds with North Vietnam, the Viet Cong, and Pathet Lao during the Vietnam War against theRead MoreThe Cold War Of Europe And North America2106 Words   |  9 PagesWhat was the impact of the Cold War outside of Europe and North America ? The Cold War was the relationship developed between the Unites States of America (USA) and the Union of Soviets Socialist Republics (USSR) after the end of World War II. The globe buckled under the two superpowers’ stress, creating a bipolar world fractured between the communism and capitalism ideology. Several times, this relationship came close to resulting in an open confrontation. However, the USA and the SovietsRead MorePol Pot1688 Words   |  7 Pagesdue to the extreme vision of communism, which Pol Pot wanted to implement for a perfect and a peaceful society. Prince Norodom Sihanouk always tried to maintain Cambodia’s neutrality. But with Laos and Vietnam as its borders, he knew this was impossible. After the assassination of Diem in South Vietnam, Sihanouk condemned America’s policies; in turn he allowed Viet Cong bases in Cambodia. America in regard to this started ‘Operation Menu’ from 1969, to destroy the Viet Cong bases. When Sihanouk

Company Director’s Duties Free Essays

A company director is a person that has been appointed by shareholders or other directors to act in accordance with the Companies Articles of Association. The position of director is extremely sensitive. This is because one ought be fully aware of all their obligations, responsibilities and duties. We will write a custom essay sample on Company Director’s Duties or any similar topic only for you Order Now In view of this, the UK government passed the Companies Act of 2006 to set out duties of the company director. (Butterworths Company, 2008) Company director’s duties at Common law The Company director’s duties were laid in previous legislations. However, in the year 2006, the UK parliament decided to codify these duties and also at the same time establish some new aspects to these obligations. According to common law, the company director was expected to accommodate employee interests. This was largely because it could heighten success within any respective company when implemented. Most of the companies that adhered to this principle would eliminate or reduce cases of litigation. (Kluwer, 2006) How it was codified Codification of company directors’ duties occurred as a result of the company reform Bill that was proposed in November 2005. The purpose of the Bill was to modernise company law. This is because in the past, the duties of the company director were mainly laid out in case law. This left a lot of room for speculation as some of these duties were not well explained. These included issues about auditor’s liability, accountability, transparency and rules governing private companies. The Bill was then passed into law as the Company Act 2006. It should be noted that this new law is not simply a new creation, instead it has merged previous case law with statutory provisions. In summary, the codification of company director’s duties creates a venue for making company directors exercise diligence, care, skill and independent judgement. The company director should look out for the interests of consumers, employees, and the environment in general. It should be noted that such an approach was not prevalent in the previous case laws. Now company directors need to watch out for the emission of pollutant gases and increased waste emission to the environment. (Thiaray, 2006) Codification of director’s duties was also created for the purpose of clearly outlining the rules governing this role. This is because company directors can now have an understanding of their boundaries in simple language. This is especially so owing to the fact that the codification forbids benefiting out of company profitability. This means that company directors should operate within a given moral code. This also ascertains that most of the company shareholders are also able to understand the code. Consequently, company directors who choose to break it may find themselves in larger levels of problems than those who do not do the same. The following are the duties as laid out in the new statute; †¢ the duty to consider all relevant issues when acting on behalf of the company †¢ the duty to abide by company decisions and laws †¢ the duty to treat company property as a separate entity from the company director’s or shareholders’ †¢ the duty to record decisions made by the company director †¢ the duty to apply special skills and improve one’s knowledge about one’s company †¢ the duty to take up responsibility for assigning work to organisational members the duty to avoid potential conflicting scenarios between the director and the company. When this is inevitable, the company director must inform others of these conflicts immediately †¢ the duty to seek counsel from other individuals outside the company- the latter is specifically applicable to financially challenging situations (Hannigan Prentice, 2007) According to the Minister for industry and the Regi ons, this codification represents a shift from common law in one major way; it presents a unification of obligations to the shareholder and to the public. In the past, shareholder’s interests were considered contradictory to company director’s duties because it was assumed when the company director was trying to protect the interests of shareholders, he would have to forego environmentalists rights and the interests of the general public. However, with introduction of the new law, now the two interests can be merged to work as one. The minister also asserted that the statute reflected a new method of doing business because it employed business sense. Overly, this new Act is trying to highlight how companies can incorporate social responsibilities into their way of business. The law had made provisions for suing company directors. However, owing to the fact the very few shareholders often conduct litigations against their bosses, then chances are that shareholders will not choose that option. The statute states that company directors are answerable to the company in case they breach their duties. However, it should be noted that a substantial amount of shareholders rarely conduct litigations against their company director. Reece Ryan, 2007) The law has also assisted in the process of clarifying how the company director should act in case of a difficult decision making process. According to the statement of duties, the company director is supposed to consider the interests of the company rather than his own interests. It should be noted that there is a distinct difference between company dependants and company shareholders. Beside s that, the Act also lays out some specific issues that need to be incorporated in the decisions making process. There are numerous players that can be affected by the company director’s choice. Consequently, company directors who follow the latter provisions are likely to heighten their chances of success than those who do not. It should be noted that success in this case is measured by a company’s achievement of its long term objectives. The latter are usually laid out at the inception of the company or are revised by shareholders as they continue with their operations. Additionally, the statute talks about company directors ensuring that their words are often documented. It should be noted here that this requirement is not forced upon the company director; instead it merely prompts him. Precedent case The particular duty chosen for study in this case is the duty to consider all the relevant issues when acting on behalf of the company. . The case chosen for analysis is BAE vs. the state 2006. The latter company BAE was a supplier of war planes. In this particular case, it had been contracted by Saudi Arabia to supply those commodities to them. However, the BAE company was found to have involved itself in corruption. The company director who acted on behalf of the firm did not consider all the issues surrounding the reception of bribes. In order to secure the contract to supply Saudi Arabia with warplanes, the latter utilised bribery to secure the contract. This has the capability of affecting the whole of the United Kingdom. Saudi Arabia was providing assistance to Britain in its effort towards fighting terrorism. However, upon hearing the news of BAE company’s decision, Saudi Arabia was angered and therefore discontinued their provision of aid to Britain. (Lorie, 2006) It should be noted that the Attorney general decided to cancel the inquires placed upon the representatives of that company especially the company director. This decision to halt inquiries was done secretly and it made it appear as though companies did not adhere to the duties of the company director. Many people asserted that the case brought into question a conflict between the rule of law and public interest. It should be noted that the latter two have been merged in the codification of company director’s duties. But before that codification, the latter two seemed very conflicting. This is exactly what took place here. There were differing opinions about whether the company’s directors’ breach of duty can be questioned before the law. However, the case brought out the fact that it can be difficult to implement this law especially when the case involves a large company. The situation was further aggravated by the fact that the nature of the business conducted by the company was rather sensitive, some of the analysts of the case claimed that the issue of arms supplies kind of grants immunity to the respective parties and makes it extremely easy for company directors to get away with wrong doings. However, other experts asserted that the company has lost public confidence owing to the fact that the case was not tried properly. The Attorney general who holds three dockets; government chief officer, politician and legal advisor, may have overstepped his boundaries by letting this company go without giving it the right to defend its name in the public. It should be noted that consumers will have serious doubts about the integrity of the company and whether they can approach it for business in the future. (Lorie, 2006) The codification of code company director’s duties also indicated the fact that a company director ought to consider all parties involved in a decisions; this refers to the shareholders and the public alike. However, before the code, the major emphasis was on shareholder’s interests alone. Consequently, the effect was that case law was a mere regulator rather than an implementer of the company directors duties. This means that when one commits a business crime as a company director, then they are not susceptible to face the full force of the law. In fact, the codification has assisted in laying out clear violations as some people may have problems ironing out what affects them and what does not. Overly, the latter case was never tried. Consequently, it is difficult to determine whether the respective director would have been made accountable for his crimes or whether he would have been set free. What one can conclude about this particular case is the fact that company directors tend to act with immunity. The UK government has a serious challenge of instituting the rule of law with regard to wealthy individuals like the one under trial. Buckley, 2005) Conclusion The codification of company director’s duties was done in order to iron out some grey areas in this aspect. Additionally, it was done to ascertain that company directors act within the confines of economic and social responsibility. Company directors can no longer feign ignorance as a result of the complexities of such an approach. Also, they are likely to be ea sily detected in case they act poorly. Despite the latter positives, the UK government is still faced with a number of challenges in this sector. Some of the negatives that can emanate from the latter law are related to fear of looking for alternative solutions to problems plaguing a company. It is also possible that some people may be discouraged from vying for the post of company director due to these numerous rules. On top of that, the new laws do not match laws on punishing non compliance. The latter are still the same old methods that ere used in the past. This means that implementation of the company Act 2006 may be very difficult. How to cite Company Director’s Duties, Papers

Effects of Consumerism free essay sample

Imprints on Planet Earth I Consumerism effects Is consumerism Just another fancy word for shopping? Who is to say that one persons ecological footprint from consuming has no effect on the planet? An ecological footprint, also known as a carbon footprint, is the scientific measure of ones consumption and the effect of their expenditure to the planet earth (Heddings Frazier, 2009). Every small act of consumption is a connection to a larger picture. As the population grows, so does the amount of consumption. Many broad differences between consumerism and sustainability exist. Depending on ones perception of capitalism, which is the right of every being to acquire and have capital, be it money or tangible possessions. What one might consider a necessity, another might see as needless and wasteful. The desire for a better life often influences consumerism. While everyone needs to consume, unnecessary consumerism is damaging the planet by overflowing the landfills, creating higher greenhouse gasses with pollution, and causing global warming. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Consumerism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Finally, although every being needs to consume to some extent, consumerism in an xcess of what is primarily for sustainability, is damaging the planet with air pollution and overflowing landfills. An interesting fact is there are places in Costa Rica that currently use the waste-to-energy system [ (Docksai, 2009)]. Transported excrements from people and animals are broken down with enzymes and bacteria to form a natural gas used for energy in the villages [ (Docksai, 2009)]. The same concept can be applied to the garbage from municipal solid waste. To reduce ones ecological footprint, there are small changes everyone can implement to make the difference.

Role of Planning in Project Management

Introduction Projects involve temporary endeavours that are undertaken with the objective of attaining predetermined goals. Moreover, projects are adopted in an effort to address various organisational activities that might be difficult to achieve through the normal organisational operations.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Role of Planning in Project Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Soderlund (2004) argues that the decision to adopt projects is prompted by a number of factors, which include customers request, change in market demand, legal requirements, and technological changes. The intensity of competition and the high rate of globalisation have prompted organisations to focus on achieving competitive advantage. Subsequently, different management practices have been formulated in an effort to drive the attainment of long-term organisational goals. Soderlund (2004) confirms that projects are being utilised as an avenue of attaining the goals and objectives as stipulated by an organisation’s strategic plans. However, the effectiveness of projects in enhancing attainment of goals can only be achieved if the project goals are aligned with the formulated strategic plan. Srivannaboon (2006) asserts that project management â€Å"is a specialised form of management that is used to accomplish business goals, strategies, and tasks within a well-defined schedule and budget† (p.1). A significant gap exists between project management goals and an organisation’s strategic intent. Therefore, in a bid to bridge the gap between an organisation’s project management goals and the strategic intents, it is imperative for the management team to integrate strategic project management concepts (Srivannaboon, 2006). Soderlund (2004) defines strategic project management as the various processes, tools, behaviours, practices, and procedures that are adopted in order to establish valuable connection between an organisation’s business practices and project management practices. Subsequently, strategic project management increases the likelihood of achieving the overall organisational strategic objectives.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most projects are complex, for they involve the execution of diverse tasks. Therefore, it is vital for an organisation to implement effective strategies to manage such complexities. Some of the aspects that project managers should consider include improving control and coordination of project activities. This research paper evaluates the various strategic aspects that an organisation should employ in the process of applying project management in its operations. Project management and its linkage to strategic management Most managers recognise that projects improve an organisation’s a bility to implement change. Additionally, the rapid change within the contemporary business environment is stimulating the need for organisations to implement radical organisational changes. Consequently, most organisations are adopting project-based approach in an effort to attain the desired level of growth. However, the outcome of the project is influenced by how well the projects have been implemented (Srivannaboon, 2006). Strategic management is an essential element in ensuring that projects are aligned effectively with business strategy. At the strategic level, the alignment process is comprised of two main elements, which include the strategic planning and project portfolio management (Srivannaboon, 2006). Project portfolio management entails the process of selecting and managing different projects as a group. It is expected that the significance of project portfolio management will grow into the future. Therefore, organisations will be compelled to maximise their resource ut ilisation. Moreover, projects will be selected based on their alignment with the organisational goals. Srivannaboon (2006) argues that projects â€Å"are first selected into the project portfolio to support the implementation of the business strategy† (p. 5). Conversely, organisations must ensure that the projects align optimally with the business strategy during the implementation phase. Figure 1 below illustrates how business strategy is linked with project management elements.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Role of Planning in Project Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Figure 1: Theoretical framework for aligning business strategy and project management. Source: (Srivannaboon, 2006) Figure 1 above shows that business strategy is critical in promoting focus and determining content in project management. Project management is extensive and it is comprised of a number of key areas, whi ch include project management office, portfolio management, and program management. Srivannaboon (2006) is of the view that establishing and maintaining â€Å"the process used to align project management elements and business strategy requires organisations to use the mediating process, which is comprised of strategic planning and project portfolio management† (p. 6). Soderlund (2004) emphasises that project management is based on a hierarchy of sub-projects, project, program, portfolio, and strategic plan. A program is composed of different related tasks that are coordinated in order to achieve the project goal. Conversely, portfolio entails a set of programs that are grouped together in order to ensure that they are effectively coordinated, hence increasing the likelihood of achieving the strategic objectives. The respective projects in the portfolio may be related or interdependent. Soderlund (2004) emphasises that organisations manage their project portfolio based on the formulated goals. In most cases, portfolio management in organisations is mainly reserved for senior management teams.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the quest to improve project outcomes, the overall projects are subdivided into small manageable components [subprojects]. The sub-projects may be assigned to different functional units or external enterprises. Also, to the above project management elements, it is imperative for organisations to establish a functional Project Management Office, which entails an organisational unit charged with the responsibility of centralising and coordinating the management of various projects. Therefore, the Project Management Offices [PMOs] undertake different strategic tasks, which include planning, prioritisation, coordination, and execution of various project activities that are linked with the overall business objective. Additionally, the PMOs may also make crucial decisions relating to project human resource management, such as deployment of project personnel to specific project tasks. Strategic consideration; Planning Projects are complex undertakings, and hence the risk of failure is h igh. The degree of complexity varies from one project to another (Soderlund 2004). Subsequently, the implementation process varies across different projects. Projects will become smaller going into future as organisations increasingly invest in short-term projects as opposed to long-term projects. However, the level of complexity will increase substantially. In order to deal with project complexities, organisational leaders will be required to invest in effective project management skills in order to improve the likelihood of the project teams attaining the desired goals. Whilst projects are complex, PMOs are obliged to ensure that the respective projects are implemented successfully. This goal can only be achieved if PMOs integrate a number of strategic considerations. One of aspects that project managers should focus on entails establishing a strategic fit within the project, which ensures that the project is aligned with the organisations’ business strategy (Srivannaboon 2 006). One of the strategic considerations that organisations should take into account relates to planning. Soderlund (2004) posits, â€Å"Planning has been viewed as the main task of the project management unit† (p. 188). Moreover, Soderlund (2004) suggests that planning should not be considered as a simple task as it involves a myriad of activities. It is expected that strategic planning will become one of the most important project management elements in organisations’ efforts to deal with strategic change. Within the project context, project managers should ensure that planning is implemented effectively in the various project processes such as communication, managing risk, human resource, and project quality. An analysis of the various aspects that project managers should consider with respect to the above areas is illustrated below. Communication planning Effective communication is a fundamental element in successful project implementation. Despite the significanc e of projects in enhancing organisational performance, it is challenging to achieve desired project goals if the project stakeholders are not informed adequately about the project. Subsequently, PMOs should communicate regarding the project to sponsors, customers, and project team members, amongst other stakeholders. In a bid to be effective in their communication process, PMOs should undertake comprehensive communication planning by taking into consideration a number of issues. First, the PMOs should undertake a comprehensive communication requirement analysis by assessing the information needs of the respective project stakeholders. Secondly, the mechanisms to be used in sharing information among the stakeholders should be defined. The communication methodology selected is determined by the urgency of project information, the project environment, and length of project. Lack of knowledge hinders the extent to which project team members are focused and enthusiastic in executing the project tasks. In a bid to improve the execution of project tasks, project leaders should establish effective communication system throughout the course of the project timeframe. During the initial phase, it is imperative for the project manager to explain the project goal and the value that it is expected to deliver to the organisation. This goal can be achieved by establishing a clear link between the project and the organisation’s operational and strategic goals. For example, the project manager should explain how the project would contribute to the improvement in the firm’s market share, profit margins, and cost minimisation (Srivannaboon, 2006). Project managers should consider how information would be distributed to the respective project stakeholders. Therefore, project managers should ensure that the project team members are provided with necessary information as demanded. This goal can only be achieved if project information cascades the various levels of mana gement. Effective flow of information across the various project management levels increases the extent to which the project stakeholders understand how the various project tasks are aligned with the overall organisational strategy (Srivannaboon, 2006). Thus, it is essential for project managers to ensure that practical information distribution techniques are adopted. Some of the methods that can be adopted include hosting project meetings, conferencing tools, and other electronic tools like Web interfaces. Performance reporting is another core aspect that PMOs should ensure during the project implementation process. In a bid to achieve this goal, PMOs should gather sufficient project baseline data and distribute it to the stakeholders. Performance reporting should focus on different aspects, such as the utilisation of the various project resources. Additionally, the reports should outline the extent to which the milestones achieved have adhered to the set standards with reference t o project cost, quality, and project schedule. Considering the view that projects are exposed to different risks, it is vital for PMOs to communication on the various project risks faced coupled with how they can be avoided. Human resource planning In order to ensure that projects are executed effectively, it is imperative for organisational leaders to constitute a comprehensive project team. Soderlund (2004) asserts that projects constitute fundamental elements through which organisations can promote development of future leaders especially if the projects being implemented have strategic implications. Subsequently, human resource planning constitutes one of the core strategic considerations in project management. The decision on the size of the project team depends on the available project roles and responsibilities. In order to be successful in planning the human resource component in projects, project managers should consider four main aspects, which include Selection of projec t team Development of project team Management of project team During the human resource-planning phase, project managers should clearly define the project roles and reporting relationships. Additionally, this phase should also involve the establishment of a staffing plan. The project manager may decide to allocate the identified project roles to internal stakeholders or subcontract external stakeholders. Conversely, the staffing plan outlines the criteria to be adopted in selecting the project team members and the training needs. In a bid to succeed in human resource planning, project managers should incorporate a number of aspects. First, the project managers should determine departments from which the project team members will be selected. Also, to determine the most effective organisational units to be involved in the project, organisations should assess the necessary specialities and disciplines. Moreover, the project manager should examine the logistics amongst the various pro ject teams, for example, assessing the distance between the project teams. Human resource planning also involves a clear description of the project positions by adopting an organisation chart. Some of the organisation charts that the manager might adopt include hierarchical or the matrix structure. Therefore, investing in human resource planning plays an essential role in developing a clear definition of the roles and responsibilities, adoption of organisation chart, and formulating a staff acquisition plan. Acquisition of project team Considering the complexity associated with project implementation, it is crucial for organisational leaders to ensure that the selected team members are capable of handling the complexities. In a bid to eliminate possible skills deficiency within the project team, organisations should consider sourcing project team members from the internal and the external environments. Skills outsourcing will play a fundamental role in improving the project teamsâ⠂¬â„¢ competencies. During the process of constituting the project team, it is essential for organisations to assess the degree to which potential project team members are interested in executing the various project tasks. Success in constituting a project team can be achieved by adopting effective tools and techniques. One of these tools involves pre-assignment, which entails assigning project tasks to potential candidates (Soderlund, 2004). This technique is effective if the project being implemented requires a specific level of expertise. Alternatively, organisations can also adopt virtual teams if the project task being implemented does not require the team members to be physically involved. If an organisation adopts virtual teams, an effective communication plan must be developed to enhance data and information sharing. Developing project team After successful acquisition of the project team members, organisational leaders should formulate a plan to be adopted in order to enhan ce collaboration amongst the team members. This goal can be achieved by nurturing cohesiveness and trust amongst the project team members. Fostering these elements will nurture an optimal project environment whereby the team members assist each other in undertaking the project tasks. The plan should also outline how the organisation intends to improve the team members’ skills to enhance their competency in executing the project tasks. One of the techniques that organisations should consider in their quest to develop the selected project team includes training. The training process may involve on-the-job approach through mentoring and coaching. Conversely, off-the-job approaches can also be adopted by adopting computerised or online training sessions. Alternatively, organisations may also decide to foster team development through various team-building activities. According to Soderlund (2004), organisations should consider incorporating rewards and recognition as one of their team development strategies. Thus, organisations should recognise positive behaviour portrayed by the project team members. Recognition of positive behaviour will significantly motivate the project team members, hence increasing their commitment towards the respective responsibilities. Managing project team This aspect involves the process of tracking and evaluating team performance. Moreover, team management also entails establishing an effective feedback mechanism and resolving issues that might emerge during the project implementation phase. In a bid to be effective in managing project team, it is critical for organisational leaders to evaluate the behaviours of the project team members continuously. If the organisation has adopted the matrix organisation structure, it becomes difficult to manage the project team. The difficulty arises from the dual reporting relationship because the team members report to two parties, viz. the project manager and the functional manager. Thus, it is imperative for organisational leaders to manage the dual reporting relationship effectively. Quality planning Projects are designed in an effort to achieve a specific goal or objective. Additionally, the outcome of the project affects different organisational stakeholders such as the shareholders, customers, and employees. Srivannaboon (2006) corroborates that the â€Å"essence of project management is to support the execution of organisations’ competitive strategy to deliver a desired outcome† (p. 2). Thus, organisational leaders have a duty to assure the project stakeholders of optimal project outcome. In a bid to achieve this goal, organisations should consider investing in effective project quality planning. Thus, a number of aspects should be considered in quality planning process. First, project managers should develop a quality policy outlining the quality standards, regulations, and guidelines to be used in gauging the project outcome. Additionally, the pro ject managers should ensure that the project team members understand the quality policy and outline how the stipulated quality standards will be satisfied. The second phase involves performing quality assurance by assessing whether the project complies with the stipulated requirements. The quality planning process also involves defining how the quality gaps identified will be improved. Consequently, the project manager should formulate the steps that will be undertaken in order to determine the need for quality improvement. This goal can be attained by implementing various continuous improvement models, such as the PDCA cycle [Plan-Do-Check- Act]. Other quality management models that can be integrated in planning project quality include total quality management and six-sigma. Quality planning in project management should enable organisations to increase the level of satisfaction amongst the target stakeholders. In addition to the above quality management tools, organisational leader s should focus on incorporating various quality planning tools. Some of the strategic planning techniques that should be considered include cost-benefit analysis, cost of quality, and benchmarking. Benchmarking will enable the project manager to assess the costs and benefits of effective project implementation. For example, conducting a cost-benefit analysis will enable the project manager to understand the value of meeting the set quality standards by eliminating possibilities of re-work. Additionally, cost-benefit analysis will enable the organisations to determine the stakeholders’ level of satisfaction (Srivannaboon, 2006). Planning for risk Risks involve unfavourable outcomes and it is impossible to rule out their occurrence. As one of the organisational processes, projects are characterised by unique features and they are not free from risk. However, the nature of risk differs across projects. Some of the common sources of risks in projects relate to the project budget, time management, and assumptions made (Soderlund, 2004). Project risks may also arise from the project’s technical, commercial, or relational elements. In order to minimise the adverse effects associated with risks, project managers should invest in effective risk planning. One of the aspects that project managers should consider when planning for risk entails conducting a comprehensive risk analysis. The risk management plan should clearly outline the approaches and data sources to be adopted in managing potential risks. Risk planning should also clearly outline the risk management personnel, their roles, and responsibilities. The other elements that project managers should consider in the risk planning phase entails budgeting and timing. Risk budgeting involves estimating the cost to be incurred in managing risks. Conversely, timing entails planning the frequency within which risk should be assessed during the project’s life cycle. Conclusion Changes occurring the i n the contemporary business environment are motivating organisations to adopt project-based approach in an effort to align their operations with the business environment. Moreover, most organisations have realised the significance of project-approach in achieving their strategic goals. Despite these changes, projects are characterised by a high degree of complexity and hence they require effective management. One of the sources of project complexity is that they involve different tasks, which must be effectively coordinated in order to achieve the desired outcome. Additionally, most projects consume a substantial amount of resources. Consequently, project failure can significantly affect an organisation’s competitiveness. In their quest to adopt project as a method of achieving the desired goals, it is critical for organisations to ensure that the likelihood of project failure is eliminated. This goal can be achieved by integrating project planning as one of the strategic con siderations in their project management processes. The strategic planning process in project management should focus on a number of critical areas. Some of core planning areas include communication, human resource, risk planning, and project quality. Organisations should ensure that an effective communication plan is adopted. The communication plan should focus on ensuring that all the project stakeholders are adequately informed about the various project aspects together with how it will benefit the organisation and the project stakeholders. Effective communication planning can only be achieved if the â€Å"project manager understands the communication needs of the internal and external project stakeholders† (Soderlund, 2004, p. 187). Human resource planning is essential in developing a project team that will execute the various project tasks. This aspect increases the likelihood of successful project completion. Conversely, risk planning is essential in ensuring that the pr oject is not affected adversely by unforeseen occurrences, while quality planning ensures that the project outcome satisfies the target stakeholders. From the analysis conducted, strategic planning should be conducted throughout the project life cycle. Furthermore, the necessary adjustments should be implemented in the project plan. References Soderlund, J. (2004). Building of project management: past research, questions for the future. International Journal of Project Management, 22(2), 183-191. Srivannaboon, S. (2006). Linking project management with business strategy.  Project Management Journal, 37(6), 88-96. This research paper on Role of Planning in Project Management was written and submitted by user Parker Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Commercial Drivers License Guide Texas, Kansas, and Oklahoma

Commercial Drivers License Guide Texas, Kansas, and Oklahoma If you live in Texas, Kansas or Oklahoma, learn the guideline for getting your Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) below. For all other states, refer to this guide on every state of the country. TexasTo apply for a Texas CDL, you  must:Apply in-person at any  driver license office and complete the appropriate application.Present documents to verify  identity and  Texas residency.Present evidence of a  Social Security Number.Meet the  nonresident commercial requirements  (in some states this is also referred to as â€Å"non-domicile commercial resident†) if you are from a foreign jurisdiction other than Canada or Mexico.Present proof of Texas vehicle registration and liability insurance on all vehicles registered in your name.Complete the Supplement Application Texas Commercial Driver License Certifications and Record of CDL Examination (CDL-1).Consent to be photographed, fingerprinted and provide your signature.Pass the vision test.Pass the knowledge and ski lls tests for the appropriate driver license including endorsements.Pay the  required fee.Provide a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) for the driving test, which must be representative of the type of license you seek.At the driver license office, specify if you  are applying for interstate or intrastate commerce.OklahomaRequirementsYou must be at least 21 years old for interstate (Oklahoma and other states) transport and 18 years old for intrastate (State of Oklahoma only).You will also be asked to provide proper identification when you apply for your CDL (original or certified documents), which can be a Birth Certificate, U.S. Passport, other state’s driver license, or Active Duty Military ID cards.The Application ProcessThe application will ask you questions about your age, training, medical history, current state of health, metal health, vision, hearing acuity, and drug use/alcoholism. You may be denied a CDL if you fail to qualify on any of these requirements.You’ ll also need to pay the appropriate fee, based on what class of license you seek.TestingYou also must  pass knowledge and skills tests in order to be issued a CDL.  Once you have passed the vision screening, written test, and driving test in the vehicle that represents the class you are applying for, you will visit a  Tag Agent, who will photograph you, collect your fees, and give  you your CDL.KansasRoad TestingIn the driving section of the testing, a KS DOR examiner checks your skills including:Pre-trip inspectionA basic operating skills testA basic driving skills testYou must pass each section of testing in order to move on to the next one.In the  pre-trip inspection, you must  walk  the examiner through every part of your inspection of:Fluids, belts, and other items under the hoodThe truck cab, including emergency equipments, dials, gauges, steering, brakes and clutchConnections including hitches, air lines, hydraulics, trailer axel placement or fifth wheel couplin gTires, wheels, brakes, fuel tankTie-downs, tarps, trailer sides, rigging, trailer frame, and trailer doorsCab mirrors, seat, steering, clutch, brakes, emergency equipment, cab doors, communications equipment, and gaugesIn the basic skills  portion, you will be asked to:Drive forward and stopBack upAlley dockParallel parkMake a right turnBackward serpentineThe examiner will then  check your driving skills. The areas covered in this test:TurningIntersectionsUrban and rural straight drivingUrban and rural lane changingExpressway drivingStopping and startingDriving on curves, upgrades and downgradesRailroad crossingsBridges and overpassesTest LogisticsYou won’t need an appointment for your testing, but call in advance to see if the office you want to use has a CDL examiner.Fees vary depending on several factors, including the addition of different endorsements. A chart is available with all  applicable fees on the Kansas DMV website.