Value-Based System Organization

Question: Depict about the Value-Based System for Organization? Answer: Presentation The contextual analysis manages the speakers issue on today meaning of accomplishment. He is worried about the worth based framework which ought to be the piece of association rather that just making money related progress with terrible conduct. He has undermined his profession for accomplishing the equivalent and is moving in the direction of creating and gets changes the association. He is moving in the direction of accomplishing objectives where authority positions bolster the adjustments in the association and will bring new worth driven culture for the up and coming aggressive specialists. Contextual investigation: I concur with the speakers see that The issue with enduring it along these lines is that all the trade offs can transform you . He has said this accurately that the individuals today are bargaining the worth based framework for different advantages they are getting. They are dawdling it to a future strategy when they are being advanced or being all the more remarkable. Such conduct will be soaked up as character attribute in the event that they keep doing likewise. Later on when they become all the more remarkable in the association, they may in any case not have the option to do it due to the past conduct and activity pattern they have been following. Along these lines, there is a genuine ramifications of this conduct (Chapouthier, 2004). I concur with the speakers see that The higher I have gone in my profession, the more constrained and forced I regularly feel concerning my qualities. It is a direct result of the explanation that with the developing force the quantity of obligations likewise develops and there is a whole other world to lose at individual and expert front. Henceforth, individuals become progressively modern and have taken in the specialty of advertising themselves (Green, 2006). So the alternatives at the more significant level are less while the strain to act right is more. Speaker portrays that it hard to stay with the qualities without fail while working in any association regardless of whether you are not on the top level and it is a direct result of the changing business sector condition. Everybody needs to experience childhood in the stepping stool and is sparing their employments and henceforth the choices depend on this as it were. Though the speaker himself can stick on the worth based choices or collaboration in light of the fact that for him different factors in life are similarly significant (Putnam, 2008). For him achievement isn't generally a budgetary achievement yet fabricating framework that underpins the collaboration, sharing thought and developing in a good based association. It was hard for the speaker to acknowledge the reality since he feels that why not an individual who carries on decently, guarantee achievement, have ability, duty and difficult work is prevailing in the profession though the individual who is carrying on awful is being perceived and is progressively effective inside the group. He comprehends the worth based and good based frameworks which he need to follow yet there are individuals who carries on gravely and still succeed .So, he need attempting to comprehend what is good and bad between the good put together qualities and genuine conduct with respect to the work front. For the speaker, achievement represents sharing his perspectives inside the association, study the market framework, being bosses of the vocation and bolster the worth based association. For him the budgetary achievement isn't the main estimating factor, he was quick to work where there are more qualities and ethics in the framework. The correct conduct ought to be dealt with reasonably. He has kept up this all through his vocation and even left one association due to the acknowledgments provide for the individuals who acts seriously (Wied , Goudena, Matthys 2005). It is significant for the speaker to recognize the value he has paid for unbending on working with a worth based framework since he feels that he and a few others are really trading off their occupations and would have been progressively fruitful on the off chance that they keep working with a similar culture. But since they have left and they are following through on cost for the equivalent, the individuals who are working inside a similar culture and are not carrying on ethically right are gaining more (Monin, 2010). Indeed, even with this affirmation in his life, he still progressively fulfilled and less baffled with his vocation. He is working in on the endeavor where he can make esteem based framework in genuine and suitable for the forthcoming goal-oriented specialists. He is taking a shot at the equivalent with the goal that the opportune individuals are recognized more in the association and he is attempting to change the meaning of accomplishment for a large number of us. He has discovered that individuals are increasingly political and need to all the more monetarily secure. He attempting to work out that how he can bring the progressions at the precise, hierarchical and individual levels where the qualities are progressively significant for any individual (Michael ,2011). He is learning the specialty of assuming the position of authority wherein he can acquire such changes inside the association. The speaker is giving us a significant exercise through the contextual analysis and he is attempting to improve work places. He is training us to be all the more ethically determined and bring the worth based frameworks in the association. He likewise advising not to acknowledge the terrible Behavior and raising the voice against it. For me the achievement will accomplish more worth, ethics and morals in my work and not simply concentrating on monetary achievement rather giving more significance to cooperation, better professions and supporting administration in creating esteem based association (Anna-Marie, 2014). To settle on esteem based decision genuine, fair and practical option for the up and coming age of laborers the associations need to hard for it. The top administration assumes and significant job in the framework, they should start the change from their crucial vision framework where esteems are increasingly significant for progress, their arrangements ought to mirror a similar message and their choices and activities ought to be founded more on the worth driven framework. When the progressions are soaked up inside the association it will be a piece of their way of life and everybody will move in the direction of accomplishing such objective (Mike, Schinzinger, 2005). References Green, Celia (2006).Letters from Exile: Observations on a Culture in Decline. Oxford: Oxford Forum. Parts I-XX. Chapouthier, Georges, To what degree is good judgment regular?, European Review (GB), 2004, Nr12(2), pp179-183. Putnam, Ruth Anna. Seeing Facts and Values,Philosophy73, 2008. de Wied M, Goudena PP, Matthys W (2005). Sympathy in young men with problematic conduct disorders.Journal of kid brain science and psychiatry, and associated disciplines46(8): 86780. Monin, B; Miller, D. T. (2010). Moral certifications and the statement of prejudice.The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology81(1). Blackburn, Simon(2001).Ethics: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.10, 12. Michael Scriven (KF Schaffner RS Cohen, eds.) (2011).Philosophy of Science Association PSA: Boston concentrates in the way of thinking of science, v. 20. Anna-Marie Cushan (1983/2014).Investigation into Facts and Values: Groundwork for a hypothesis of good compromise. Mike W Martin Schinzinger R (2005).Ethics in engineering(Fourth Edition ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Professional. p.279.

Oliver Cromwell a Hero or a Villain Essay Example for Free

Oliver Cromwell a Hero or a Villain Essay Oliver Cromwell a Hero or a Villain BY lokenl 12 Oliver Cromwell was conceived in 25 April 1599 of every a town in England called Huntington. He went to class at Huntington Grammar School at that point went to Sydney Sussex Collage at Cambridge. He contemplated law at Cambridge and afterward went to London and turned into the MP for Huntington in 1628 and MP for Cambridge in 1640. In 1630s Oliver Cromwell became Puritan because of a strict emergency and began to turn into a Radical Puritan when he chose to speak to Cambridge, first in the Short parliament, at that point in the Long parliament. In Parliament, Oliver Cromwell was a solid pundit of King Charles he second and in 1642, when King Charles the second began the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell began to raise troops and Joined the Parliamentary powers, battling against King Charles the second. It is in the English Civil War where Oliver Cromwell picks up his prestige and acclaim. In the start of the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell turned into a mounted force authority. Despite the fact that he had no military experience, he had a decent information on ponies because of his experience of being an enormous landowner. Oliver Cromwell rose idea the positions actually rapidly initial a colonel in 1643, at that point in 1644, Oliver Cromwell ecame Lieutenant-General of the OEastern Association Army and in 1645 he became Lieutenant-General of the New Model Army. The motivation behind why Oliver Cromwell turned out to be such a decent mounted force leader is on the grounds that he knew an all around taught armed force is significant in war. Oliver Cromwell originally saw that Prince Ruperts mounted force were not very much taught and they don't energize after a charge, rather, Prince Ruperts rangers Just interest their own objectives. In the primary significant fight in the English common war at the skirmish of Edgehill, Prince Ruperts rangers didn't come back to the front line until 1 hour after he introductory charge at the Parliamentary powers in which Prince Ruperts cavalry ponies didn't have the solidarity to mount another charge against adversary powers. Oliver Cromwell saw Prince Ruperts mounted force strategy blemishes and ensured that his rangers didn't have similar imperfections. Oliver Cromwell prepared his mounted force to keep together after a charge so the rangers can charge over and over. Oliver Cromwells rangers was known as the Ironsides because of how they cut their direction however Royalist powers on the front line. In February 1645, Parliament chose to make the New Model Army, which is a rmy loaded with proficient binds with its president being General Thomas Fairfax. The Head of mounted force was Oliver Cromwell and The New Model Army had 22,000 men who all got appropriate military preparing and when the New Model Army went to fight, they were all around trained. In The New Model Army, officials were advanced dependent on how great they were, not their legacy. This is the first run through a regular workers individual can turn into a military official. The main fight that the New Model Army was a significant triumph for the Model Army first significant fight partook outside the town of Naseby in Northampton enlist on 14 June 1645. The fight for Naseby was a finished catastrophe for King Charles the second. Lord Charles the second total load of weapons and ammo was in the Royalist stuff train, which was caught by the Parliamentarian powers during the fight for Naseby. This is a significant actuality as King Charles the second couldn't gracefully weapons or ammo to his military thus he was unable to raise another military sufficiently able to crush the Parliamentarians armed force. In January 1647, King Charles the second fled to Scotland where the Scots sold out King Charles the second and gave him back to the Parliamentarians. Charles was detained n Hampton Court, however in November 1647 he got away and figured out how to raise another military and persuaded the Scots to support him. Be that as it may, in August 1648, The New Model Army vanquished the Royalist armed force and the Scots. Oliver Cromwell and the vast majority of the New Model Army chose to oust some portion of parliament who needed to disband the New Model Army since they didn't get their compensation, that piece of the parliament accepted the New Model Army had a lot of intensity and they didn't had any desire to execute King Charles the second. In 1649 King Charles the second was executed outside his Whitehall Palace. The Parliament passed a progression of new laws. The government, the House of Lords and the Anglican Church were nullified and the land own by them was sold and the cash was us to pay the wages of the officers. Individuals were did not fine anymore in the event that they didn't go to the neighborhood church however they were as yet expected to go to some strict practice. In August 1649, Cromwell and 12,000 warriors showed up in Ireland to put down the resistance. During the following ten years of gore around 33% of the Scottish populace was executed or kicked the bucket of starvation. All the more then a large portion of that were slaughtered were Catholic and Oliver Cromwell and his 12,000 men murdered them. At the point when Oliver Cromwell returned to England, the parliament was still called yet it was Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army who were in charged. In December 1653 the New Model Army chose to make Oliver Cromwell as England new ruler. The military needed him to be above all else yet Oliver Cromwell can't and rather took the title Lord Protector of the Commonwealth. Anyway Oliver Cromwell had as much force as the lord had. At the point when the House of Commons contradicted his arrangements in 1655, he shut it down. Presently Oliver Cromwell is the lord of England in everything except name. Oliver Cromwell forced military principle on England. He separated England into 11 regions with each to be controlled by a Major General who are Just a legislative leader of every area. The laws in each region are for the most part unique to one another. In certain locale bear-teasing, cockerel fghting, horse-hustling and wrestling were prohibited. Wagering and betting were likewise taboo. Enormous quantities of lager houses were shut and fines were forced on individuals discovered swearing. In certain areas, the Major-Generals even In 1655 Edward Sexby, John Wildman and Richard Overton were engaged with building up a plot to topple the legislature. They were found and had to escape for their lives. In 1658 Cromwell reported that he needed his child, Richard Cromwell, to supplant him as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth. The English armed force was discontent with this choice as Richard didn't have any understanding. Oliver Cromwell passed on third September 1658. His child became Lord Protector yet in May 1659, the commanders constrained him to resign from government. Oliver Cromwell was a saint since he had a significant impact of demonstrating how significant the parliament was and how the lord doesn't generally follow up for individuals benefit and some of the time follow up on their own childish needs and how their lives are like other eople. During the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell was viewed as a saint because of how he told the mounted force on the war zone and his strategies. Toward the finish of the English Civil War, some of Oliver Cromwells accomplishment was the means by which he attempted to shape another Parliament and when that didn't work he utilized the military officials as the Government. Oliver Cromwell is likewise a miscreant due to what number of blameless people he and his men murdered and as Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of the Commonwealth, Cromwell began to turn out to be progressively heartless and begun to execute anybody in his manner.

Search Report Example

Search Report Example Search Report â€" Assignment Example > Abstract Information security is a very sensitive issue because of the ethical issues that are raised as areas of concern. The expansion of global networks has facilitated the smooth operations of trade and commerce because of increased use and dependence on computing systems and communication. Attacks that have been directed at information assets have heightened the need for information security. Securing these systems has had organizations develop their own pool of information security to ensure that they have secure computing environments. The law mandates organizations to protect the personal employee information such as phone numbers and their medical conditions for security reasons (Quigley, 2004). While this information falls into the category of personnel data information security is expected to ensure that this data receives the same level of protection accorded to the important data in the organization. Information security problems that arise most of the time are not te chnical problems but a people problem. This is because ethical issues do not arise because of technical problems but because of people either intentionally or by accident (Buchanan Huczynski, 2004). This report looks at the ethical issues of information security as well as the various legislations that have been made to guarantee information security to individuals as well as to organizations and the empirical theories that explain behavior. IntroductionSecurity is a major concern in every facet of today’s life and technology is no exception. Technology exposes its users to various threats and so the need for legal systems to guarantee the safety of its users (Whitman Mattord, 2009). The internet which is the base of information technology has no geographical boundaries and this makes it a security concern in every country of the world. While it is impossible to formulate laws that generate acceptable behavior, ethics produce socially acceptable behavior in society and it is t herefore the responsibility of organizations to establish their codes of ethical behavior that their users should adhere to and live by (Whitman Mattord, 2009). This is because ethics provide society with the morals standards that enable it function easily. Based on this organizations have formulated their own codes of ethics that its members should abide by which is a collaborative effort that aims to raise awareness of computer responsibility (Whitman Mattord, 2009). Research methods and approachA random assessment of information security variables was used and a model constructed with all these variables: the law, policy and behavior. The data was collected using questionnaires and interviews to provide information about the underlying factors that affect the ethical behaviors of individuals. The inter-relationships between these variables and the overall effect they have on the ethical judgments of individuals. Application of the law and ethics in information securityInformat ion security is governed by laws and ethics which are determined to maintain balance in the society. Laws prohibit certain behavior while ethics are socially acceptable behaviors (Whitman Mattord, 2009). Organizational ethics are drawn from the moral attitudes and the customs of the organization. Actions that move away from what is viewed as acceptable behavior may be punished by the law as a crime. An organization’s legal environment influences the scale in which the information security professionals are able to guarantee the safety of the organization’s information (Whitman Mattord, 2010). The law enforcement is contacted first due their capacity to handle physical security threats but they are ill equipped to handle electronic crime.

Comparative Commentary Dualism of Fire as a Symbol Essays

Laura Esquivel’s Like Water for Chocolate is the fantastic and romantic depiction of a young Mexican girl named Tita who, in accordance with Mexican tradition, cannot marry because she is the youngest girl in the family. The depravity her situation is only compounded by Mama Elena, her castrating mother, who does everything to make Tita’s life miserable. Tita’s only escape from her monotonous and demanding life comes when a fiery Pedro Musquez asks for her hand in marriage. Tita is crestfallen when she discovers that her own mother selfishly denies her Pedro, but this does not stop the fiery passion Tita and Pedro share. Moreover, in the novel fire and heat are not only representative of love; but also destruction that emanates both†¦show more content†¦The bedspread was woven â€Å"through the night after solitude and insomnia† (Esquivel 176) and represents the sorrow she felt after being denied the chance to be with Pedro. She was initially savi ng it for their wedding night, and now that she has brought it out this night of passion is, in a way, likened to the wedding night. Additionally in this passage Tita â€Å"eating the candle(s) out of the box, one by one† (Esquivel 176), is an allusion to John Brown’s demonstration with the phosphorous and matches. Tita believes that in order to re-ignite her soul, she needs two things: she needs fire and something to burn. The fire and heat is already there, but in order to re-ignite her castrated soul she needs the candles. Also in the first passage the behavior of fire and its tendency to burn bright and hot, but also to destroy is used as to allegorically explain the nature of passion. For instance when Tita and Pedro were, â€Å"experiencing an amorous climax(Esquivel 176) and began to throw off sparks(Esquivel 176) they ultimately ignited the entire ranch(Esquivel 176). The sparks are a figurative representation of their love, but just like with real love and passion, these sparks were also the cause of destruction. However, Tita and Pedros love does not just â€Å"throw off† mere sparks or heat, as did Gertrudis, but it is so intense that it was an, â€Å"erupting volcano(Esquivel 176) that cast stone and ash in every direction(Esquivel 176). This extendedShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesNeo-modernist organization theory: surfing the new wave? Postmodernist organization theory: new organizational forms for a new millennium? Postmodernism as a philosophy: the ultimate challenge to organization theory? Reflective organization theory: symbols, meanings and interpretations Reflexive organization theory: critical theory and psychoanalysis The evolution of management as reflected through the lens of modernist organization theory Perspectives and challenges 2 54 100 148 198 242 282 330

Benefits Of Using A Computerized Accounting System

Introduction Anita, an independent CPA, and accounting software consultant, has several clients in her practice located in Louisville, Kentucky. XYZ Company has used the same journal and ledger manual system for more than twenty years. On the other hand, other small, medium and large business clients prefer an automated accounting system because of the advantages. In the end, independent accountants serve multiple types and sized businesses. Which accounting system is the best in a public accounting (CPA) environment; computerized, manual or both? In the book â€Å"Financial Accounting†, authors Duchac, Reeve, and Warren (2014) write: â€Å"The computer prevents transactions in which the total debits do not equal the total credits.† In this basic entry, the software will notify the user an error has occurred; then the correction can be made immediately. This is one of the many advantages of using a computerized accounting system. However, what’s on the mi nds of most small business owners, and, managers of medium to large operations; is what is working now. Many users of manual systems get accustomed to their own method of accounting and resist change to something new. As a result of this kind of thinking, the independent accountant must be flexible enough to handle the demands of the client. Automated vs. Manual Systems Many small businesses continue to use their own form of accounting including keeping receipts in bags and boxes, etc. They argue that what has paid theShow MoreRelatedComputerized vs. Manual Accounting1630 Words   |  7 PagesFor : Mr. Nelson Title: | Computerized Accounting should completely replaces Manual AccountingPrepared By : Ali H. Al-MuslimID#: 200628620Section# : 05SN#: 02Group#:01Word Count:1,333 | 10/7/2012 10/7/2012 Table of Contents Table of Contents II Introduction 3 I. Manual Accounting 4 A. Benefits 4 1. Cost effective 4 2. Availability 4 B. Limitations 4 1. Finding Errors 4 2. 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Next, this paper will propose at least five system capabilities for the company, and provide a rationale for these proposals. Further, it will ascertain three possible scenarios in this new direct sales and accounting system. Subsequently, this paperRead MoreEssay on Accounting Software1234 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen influenced by the presence of computer as a remarkable innovation in human history. The emerging of a new concept called Computerized Accounting Information System (CAIS) particularly, is one example of this â€Å"cutting-edge calculator’s† interven tion on bookkeeping activities. As many companies tend to apply this new frame to treat their transaction recordings, many accounting software developers try to provide an advanced computer program as the main engine of the companies’ CAIS. Some of the softwares

AMS Final Study Guide Free Essays

string(86) " Caucasian so owners had business because whites wouldn’t live there otherwise\." Dances danced to Bebop included the lindy hop and the apple Jack emerged-both also seen as resistive – double v double time (time refers to the speed in bebop) -A type of music that focused on asymmetry and dissonance, made so white artists loudest play it (involved technical mastering), lots of improve that moved away from sheet music. Very similar to Jim Hendrix taking an American style (Jazz) and transforming It to fit a new culture with the wave of Immigrants. Often played In clubs where coot suitors loitered, acted as a form of musical protest and resistance against the white mainstream Jazz. We will write a custom essay sample on AMS Final Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Birth of a new kind of Jazz, one that symbolizes youth and change within American society. Shifted focus from white/swing black/ bebop Bracers Program â€Å"An emergency farm labor plan that was extremely successful at meeting its goal of supplying cheap labor. -After WI there were several â€Å"bracer’s† (manual laborers) that stopped working as farm laborers on their own side of the border and came to El Paso center to be recruited for agricultural labor. Bracers translates too â€Å"manual laborer who works with arms† The program was started in 1942 by FED and it allowed Mexican agricultural laborers to have a temporary contract. Mexico was viewed as a part of the Allies during WI. Brought hundreds of thousands of Mexican people to the U. S and fostered the Idea that Mexican workers were entirely dispensable and that once they were no longer 1942 and 1947 continued after WWW Operation wetback’s† MM Mexican and Mexican Americans who were U. S citizens or legal residents deported back to Mexico. Buffalo Bill -Creator of the popular commercial entertainment business â€Å"Buffalo Bills, Wild West† from 1883-1916, that reduced complex events into romanticizes scenes of the frontier. The creator, William F. Codswallop Bill†-the main attraction of the show- because he was a â€Å"real† man of the frontier who became popular for killing a young Indian warrior named Yellow Hand, through scalping. -Led people to believe the acts during the show were real, even though they were often traumatized and left out the Indians side of the story -scenes drawn from buffalo bills dime novels and was considered â€Å"American national entertainment† and exemplified American history in an inaccurate way. Buffalo bill is considered the hero and a self-made man. Richard Slotting Reading: From reading Cultural US Imperialism. -Romanticizes view of the American frontier, not an accurate representation. Double -An attempt by African Americans soldiers during WWW; victory at home (against discrimination) and victory abroad with the war. By fighting in the war, they hoped to gain respect and become equals. It was a response to what happened during WI, hen they were promised equality if they fought in the war, but it never happened. It was an attempt by black soldiers in WWW to demonstrate that by helping to win victory in the war, that they could establish conditions domestically for victory over discrimination. It’s immediate effect was the end of racial discrimination in the military services -A Philip Randolph and the march on Washington -Double V, double time related to bebop and coot suit, each examples or resistance and fighting the war at home. The Double V Campaign became a s ymbol of pride for Black Americans during a time when Jim Crows laws were prevalent and so many of he rights that soldiers fought for abroad were denied them at home. Article from The Pittsburgh Courier from James Thompson small acts of resistance that led to a revolution during the civil rights movement Gill Scott-Heron A Jazz and Spoken word musician, Scott-Heron’s songs discussed such matters as the superficiality of media and consumerism, as well as the idea that true revolution is not seen through publicity but through the actions of the people that go unpublished. Singer to â€Å"The Revolution Will Not Be Televised† in 1970, it was a politically conscious hip hop song, that explained how revolution is not found in hinges that give us comfort like television. It questions where we find resistance, shows how racial issues begin from within and laws are Just temporary solutions to a seemingly permanent problem. -If you want ‘revolution’, you can’t sit and wait for it to come on your TV. Set Talking about racial equality and thus the â€Å"revolution† will not be put on television; it will be live, as said in the last line. -Nine’s ad: The revolution will be not be televised†¦ Yet it was -The significance to class views. Countercultures Hurricane Strain The 2005 Hurricane that devastated Louisiana and, most famously, New Orleans after the levees broke. There was a large disparity between the opinions of the people on the ground and those portrayed by the televised news casting. The film Trouble the Water (2008), addressed the idea that Strain was a man-made disaster opposed to a natural one. Showed the depths of structural racism in that there was an unequal distribution of resources based on race. -African Americans were denied assistance, and rescuing was prioritize to whites. In addition, white housing and tourist attractions were restored much faster than black neighborhoods and housing. Demonstrates how racism is still prevalent in society even after the Civil rights Movement, shows how solving racial issues begins from within, and laws are Just temporary solutions to a seemingly permanent problem. Institutional Racism: Racism that is hard to see but usually is stronger racism. – institutionalized racism, hegemony widespread agreement that things were getting better but were truly not for certain colors and poor people Elevation -First truly massed produced suburbs that had identical designs to lower housing costs. Known as the archetype for postwar suburbs across the country -In 1957, Alfred Levity created the first Elevation, a suburban area of standardized homes that rated several suburbs and a defined middle class. It became a symbol of the American dream, but was restricted to white families only, a part of the housing segregation seen back then. Displays the hegemony of racial inequality ideologies, keeping races segregated and whites as â€Å"superior† and blacks and â€Å"others† as â€Å"inferior†. -All residents must be Caucasian so owners had business because whites wouldn’t live there otherwise. You read "AMS Final Study Guide" in category "Papers" Documentary: â€Å"Race: The power of illusion† deal with systemic racism in the development of suburbs and the impact of color-blind policy. FAA specifically redline families of color. White flight Malcolm Little The birth name given to Malcolm X, a black Muslim civil rights activist Was part of nation of Islam? Began as a coot suit wearing hustler In Robin Kelly’s Riddle of the Coot, he tells the story of Malcolm Little, also known as Malcolm X, a young African American growing up during the Coot Suit era and an increasing time of forming American identities. He acquired all of the fashionable adornments of the time such as the coot suit and the conk to erase his background and identity. -Committed a series of burglaries targeting wealthy white families He his Scottish maternal grandfather -He endured a lot of pain and self-degradation to kook like a Whitman because he internalized the idea that black people were â€Å"inferior† and white people were â€Å"superior†. Shows the American values at the time, and the segregation of races despite the melting pot mentality. McDonald’s A multinational corporation which has, in the past, been indicative of social and economic challenges created by multinational corporation operations. The world’s largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants worldwide since it is a transnational company, as talked about in McDonald’s in Beijing by Hanging Yawn. -Represents Americanization and American exceptionalness by instilling American culture onto there countries through advanced technologies and products. American globalization is spreading American culture and ideologies worldwide, trying to force conformity among other nations to merge the superior American culture. â€Å"I’m loving it† expo transnational: going beyond national boundaries or interests Michael Jordan -Served as an analog to the self-made man and also hinted at how rationalization occurs as we view professional basketball players and athletes in general. -Michael Jordan is arguably one of the greatest basketball players in the NAB. He Joined the Bulls in 1984 and made the team come back alive. Jordan was certainly the most effectively marketed professional sports player and credited for making NAB popular. Famous American basketball player that played on the Chicago Bulls from 1984 to 1998. Was the world’s first globalizes sports figure, becoming the global face of Nikkei advertisements worldwide. Importance represents the transnational of Nikkei and the globalization of American culture and values worldwide. Self-made man Marketing based on race â€Å"blackness† as a marketing scheme Nikkei -A transnational cooperation. Just do it† One of the first companies to actually hold a worldwide advertising campaign for its products. Use top athletes to sponsor their products and produces single products in multiple countries ex: â€Å"air Max penny is inspired by a basketball player whose nickname is Penny†¦ Shoe contains 52 separate components produced in five different countries† -Just do it! Is the slogan of Nikkei, which is a transnational corp oration. It shows that beyond American imperialism of advancing technologies and products, there is also a globalization of American ideals being sold, a form of cultural imperialism. Demonstrates how the boundary of American ideals spreads past US borders, using production and sale of manufactured goods as a vessel of transport. An example of the spread of American ideas and ideologies Sitcom suburbs -â€Å"cookie cutter† homes -The sass’s model of similar houses with an emphasis on the white middle class family. These suburbs were often an example of institutional racial segregation, with â€Å"red zone† areas being unable to get loans and land development. -Sitcoms such as â€Å"Leave it to Beaver† and â€Å"Father Knows Best† in the asses that portrayed a nuclear family living in the suburbs. Portrayed the transmission of gender roles and the ideals of a traditional family, for example women as the housewife that should clean cook and raise the kids, while men are the ones to work outside the house. Represents hegemonic forces reinforcing gender inequality ideologies onto the nation during a time that women were fighting for their independence. An example of state sanctioned racism towards African American homeowners. Also an example of the family unit becoming socially prominent. Sleepy Lagoon Murder/Hank Leaner’s -Trial began in 1942 Jose was found on the ground already stabbed and beaten The boys went into the house and fought, came outside and punched Jose but was not responsible for his death Trial went on for 3 months 12 defendants found guilty; Hank was sentenced to life After several advocates tried o get boys out of Jail and finally did, Hank walked out of Jail with a coot suit on -Race was the central part of the riot Riots broke out between Mexican-Americans and army personnel stationed in LA. White Americans believed coot suits were extravagant and unpatriotic during war time. While Mexican Americans saw the trial as discriminatory. Coot Suit Riots (1943): The trials found these Mexican-Americans guilty without any sufficient evidence because of their race: presumed to be dangerous and guilty. Social model of disability The idea of the social model of disability was presented by guest lecturer, Ryan Cartridge. It suggests that there is a public view that there is something inherently different about those we consider to be â€Å"Disabled. As such, there are institutional precedents to treat those with disabilities differently. Race can influence this -White male is seen as the ideal/ normal in our society, so the disabled are held to this standard impairment + scatterbrained Being in a wheelchair limits the person, but not as much as society makes it out to be. -Overcoming narrative Propaganda that says despite the disability people can do things. -Often parameterized -Ex: someone with down syndrome is asked to the prom is put in the newspaper, hen this shouldn’t be a big deal If the disabled can do it then so can you. Thus saying that if disabled people want to succeed at something, they only have to try hard. -This type of propaganda is used in the dual purpose of motivating those without disabilities, while simultaneously degrading those with disabilities, by saying that what a normal person has to overcome is equivalent to what a disabled person has to overcome. Concept Explanations: Transnational and Trans national Corporation -The idea that the economy, and especially large corporations, are increasingly operating across several nations. As such, they have vested interests in multiple countries and their economies. Overall the idea that corporations now have global effects rather than local ones -Watson Definition: â€Å"Transnational describes a condition by which people, commodities, and ideas literally cross–transgress– national boundaries and are not identified with a single place of origin. † â€Å"Transnational Corporations are popularly regarded as the clearest expressions of this new adaptation(transnational)†¦ Mode of production controlled from a headquarters complex located somewhere in the First World† -Watson Reading: Transnational, Localization, and Fast Foods in East Asia -McDonald’s-localization rather than transnational -Nikkei -Coca-Cola American Capitalism Enlightened sexism -Douglass definition â€Å"Enlightened Sexism is a response, deliberate or not, to the perceived threat of a new gender regime. † -â€Å"insists the women have made plenty of progress because of feminism-aka full equality has allegedly been achieved†¦ So now it’s okay to have sexist stereotypes of girls and women† because it’s funny since we obsessing over one man, because we all know women â€Å"aren’t† actually like that† Where the Girls Are; Enlightened Sexism -goes hand in hand with embedded feminism. American Dream-America’s possibilities are limited to select groups of people, in this case women are left out Frontier thesis -The Thesis proposed by American historian Frederick Turner in 1893. It was the idea that American democracy/identity was established by the American Frontier. He stressed that by moving the frontier line it shaped America.. â€Å"Gained new strength each time it touched a new frontier. † Also by pushing out the frontier America was cutting ties with British culture and customs. The idea was that the frontier land was free†¦ Oh wait. Native Americans were there first. The frontier is a place where savagery and civilization meet. Domesticating nature -Homestead Act of 1862 Signed by Lincoln at the beginning/during the Civil War. Meant that Union supporters were the ones granted land†¦ â€Å"Any person†¦ Who has never borne arms against the United States Government. † -First granted 160 acres, increased to 640 acres in 1904. This in itself sets up white privilege through the descendants of homesteaders. Manifest Destiny American Empire The American Empire is the idea that America has, in its past, utilized military tactics to increase land and resource holdings. The Philippines example from class â€Å"taking them for their own good†, as well as the Spanish-American war of 1896 -Hegemony, -American Exceptionalness -American imperialism (ex: eagle spreading its wings over many countries) Reading concept explanation: What does the author mean? What does it mean in a larger context? Example outside of class The Globalization of Michael Jordan by Walter Leveler: â€Å"The September 11 horrors raised, in the most stark and bloody terms, questions about the new capitalism that had shaped American-led globalization of the previous thirty years† (165-66). The terrorists who committed the crimes of 9-11 were a part of AH Qaeda, a religious organization that hated the US for corrupting their homelands and Saudi Arabia. The terrorists saw the US as the source of capitalism which they hate. Where the Girls Are by Susan Douglas: â€Å"American women today are a bundle of contradictions because much of the media imagery we grew up with was itself filled with mixed messages about what women should and should not do, what women could and could not be. This was true in the asses and it is true today’ (9). The American woman has thus emerged as a bundle of contradictions, seeking to be simultaneously passive and active, outspoken and diet, selfish and selfless, thrifty and profligate, daring and scared, and who had better know which persona to assume when† double standards The media has done number of things to confuse the roles of women. One such example is the producer ethos versus consumer ethos. At first the media was portrayi ng a producer ethos, but then there was a conflict, because they needed consumers to consume the produce of the producers. Therein lays contradiction nature of the media imposition on women. Magazines; pageants; Double V, Double Time: Bebop’s Politics of Style by Eric Lott: â€Å"Bebop was about asking disciplined imagination alive and answerable to the social change of the time† (597). Bebop was not protest music but it was played during a time of protest. I would say that according to black they saw it as more of their own thing not a rebellion Something they had and whites didn’t,. It was something for them to identify with. It was kind of like a voice for them I’d say, not so much a rebellion if that makes sense at all. And while bebop said there was a riot going on, it was hardly protest music† (597) -Double V- African Americans wanting equality at home and actor in Germany -Bebop: fast paced, lots of solos, said to be too loud and aggressive -Wanted something that whites couldn’t play. Identity for blacks Change the way people think along with the times, ope ning up the mind -Bebop was about making a change for blacks, a social change -Bebop, which breaks the paradigms established by its contemporaries, was seen as rebellious to WHITES and seen by blacks as something that was fully theirs. White culture interpret it as another coot suit riot -Punk Rock/metal, EDM? , youth in revolt, counter-culture in general Disability and the Justification of Inequality in American History by Douglas Boonton: â€Å"Thus, while disabled people can be considered one of the minority groups historically assigned inferior status and subjected to discrimination, disability has functioned for all such groups as a sign of and Justification of inferiority’ (34). Disability has been used to justify other historically inferior groups Boonton mentions Women’s suffrage, African American civil rights, and restriction of immigration -Women were deemed too emotional to vote, to have rights. Emotionality was used as a disability against women o say that they weren’t good enough -Race was used as a disability saying that others were inferior because of something like blindness, deafness, mental illness to justify segregation and immigration restrictions Disability that they weren’t as developed. People were too weak. Didn’t look strong enough†couldn’t enter US- immigration restriction -The same reasons/differences that are used to assign inferiority and give rise to discrimination are the same reasons the people with disabilities use to argue for were helping out lesser races but really we were going in for land and resources– babe? Immigrations exclusion acts: -Early 20th century: you look like you have poor physique- can’t immigrate 1903- epilepsy, insanity- can’t immigrate 1907-mental or physical defect which may affect you-can’t immigrate Haunted America by Patricia Limerick â€Å"Somewhere in the asses, the term [frontier] might undergo a crucial shift, toward the reality of la frontier and away from the fantasy of the frontier. That shift in meaning will be the measure of great change in this nation’s understanding of its own origins† (92). She argues that overall it is not very useful to look back at one’s story since all this does is make an individual conscience of the fear to repeat it, and that the only way to learn is through an action. Says that by the white man’s conquest we have intertwined the lives of native Americans and Anglo Saxons and we now have a more Joined nation through the tragedies experienced by both sides. -In terms of ‘la front ier’ this is reference to the Mexican American border. Wild west; manifest destiny -The Last Samurai, you can literally draw direct parallels from white men pushing west in America to the new Chinese government extermination of the old Samurai ay of life Cultural studies scholar Priscilla Wald: â€Å"Institutional racism and structural violence share the assumption that the distribution of power through which the state regulates life is a form of violence† (191). Structural and institutional racism see the ways in which people of color are disadvantaged by government where it is avoidable -They aren’t given the same opportunities or help as white people -The way that the government doesn’t help these struggling races is a how there is structural and institutional racism and it is an act of violence even though it is not direct physical violence. Ignoring them is violence Individual vs.. Institutional racism natural disaster vs.. Structural violence Hurric ane Strain: blacks not helped. Tourist (white) parts of the city rebuilt 100% but dominantly black neighborhoods still devastated. Government said they would come in to help but never did. American Studies is about making connections and asking good questions, and then making an argument based on the appropriate evidence. Your essay should engage with the ideas and arguments of at least four different primary or secondary texts from class. The primary texts can include any of the films, songs, novels, memoirs, or poems that we have covered so far in class. Your essay should at least cite one primary or secondary text (but no more than two) from before the midterm. An exemplary essay will have a clearly stated argument that is developed through your examples/ evidence. (You might even want to underline your argument to be absolutely clear). Be sure to explain and analyze the connections you are making between the texts and/or course themes that you are citing. You are not limited to material explicitly discussed in lecture and discussion and, in fact, are encouraged to cite examples that have not been discussed in lecture and discussion as it will reveal How to cite AMS Final Study Guide, Papers

AMS Final Study Guide Free Essays

string(86) " Caucasian so owners had business because whites wouldn’t live there otherwise\." Dances danced to Bebop included the lindy hop and the apple Jack emerged-both also seen as resistive – double v double time (time refers to the speed in bebop) -A type of music that focused on asymmetry and dissonance, made so white artists loudest play it (involved technical mastering), lots of improve that moved away from sheet music. Very similar to Jim Hendrix taking an American style (Jazz) and transforming It to fit a new culture with the wave of Immigrants. Often played In clubs where coot suitors loitered, acted as a form of musical protest and resistance against the white mainstream Jazz. We will write a custom essay sample on AMS Final Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Birth of a new kind of Jazz, one that symbolizes youth and change within American society. Shifted focus from white/swing black/ bebop Bracers Program â€Å"An emergency farm labor plan that was extremely successful at meeting its goal of supplying cheap labor. -After WI there were several â€Å"bracer’s† (manual laborers) that stopped working as farm laborers on their own side of the border and came to El Paso center to be recruited for agricultural labor. Bracers translates too â€Å"manual laborer who works with arms† The program was started in 1942 by FED and it allowed Mexican agricultural laborers to have a temporary contract. Mexico was viewed as a part of the Allies during WI. Brought hundreds of thousands of Mexican people to the U. S and fostered the Idea that Mexican workers were entirely dispensable and that once they were no longer 1942 and 1947 continued after WWW Operation wetback’s† MM Mexican and Mexican Americans who were U. S citizens or legal residents deported back to Mexico. Buffalo Bill -Creator of the popular commercial entertainment business â€Å"Buffalo Bills, Wild West† from 1883-1916, that reduced complex events into romanticizes scenes of the frontier. The creator, William F. Codswallop Bill†-the main attraction of the show- because he was a â€Å"real† man of the frontier who became popular for killing a young Indian warrior named Yellow Hand, through scalping. -Led people to believe the acts during the show were real, even though they were often traumatized and left out the Indians side of the story -scenes drawn from buffalo bills dime novels and was considered â€Å"American national entertainment† and exemplified American history in an inaccurate way. Buffalo bill is considered the hero and a self-made man. Richard Slotting Reading: From reading Cultural US Imperialism. -Romanticizes view of the American frontier, not an accurate representation. Double -An attempt by African Americans soldiers during WWW; victory at home (against discrimination) and victory abroad with the war. By fighting in the war, they hoped to gain respect and become equals. It was a response to what happened during WI, hen they were promised equality if they fought in the war, but it never happened. It was an attempt by black soldiers in WWW to demonstrate that by helping to win victory in the war, that they could establish conditions domestically for victory over discrimination. It’s immediate effect was the end of racial discrimination in the military services -A Philip Randolph and the march on Washington -Double V, double time related to bebop and coot suit, each examples or resistance and fighting the war at home. The Double V Campaign became a s ymbol of pride for Black Americans during a time when Jim Crows laws were prevalent and so many of he rights that soldiers fought for abroad were denied them at home. Article from The Pittsburgh Courier from James Thompson small acts of resistance that led to a revolution during the civil rights movement Gill Scott-Heron A Jazz and Spoken word musician, Scott-Heron’s songs discussed such matters as the superficiality of media and consumerism, as well as the idea that true revolution is not seen through publicity but through the actions of the people that go unpublished. Singer to â€Å"The Revolution Will Not Be Televised† in 1970, it was a politically conscious hip hop song, that explained how revolution is not found in hinges that give us comfort like television. It questions where we find resistance, shows how racial issues begin from within and laws are Just temporary solutions to a seemingly permanent problem. -If you want ‘revolution’, you can’t sit and wait for it to come on your TV. Set Talking about racial equality and thus the â€Å"revolution† will not be put on television; it will be live, as said in the last line. -Nine’s ad: The revolution will be not be televised†¦ Yet it was -The significance to class views. Countercultures Hurricane Strain The 2005 Hurricane that devastated Louisiana and, most famously, New Orleans after the levees broke. There was a large disparity between the opinions of the people on the ground and those portrayed by the televised news casting. The film Trouble the Water (2008), addressed the idea that Strain was a man-made disaster opposed to a natural one. Showed the depths of structural racism in that there was an unequal distribution of resources based on race. -African Americans were denied assistance, and rescuing was prioritize to whites. In addition, white housing and tourist attractions were restored much faster than black neighborhoods and housing. Demonstrates how racism is still prevalent in society even after the Civil rights Movement, shows how solving racial issues begins from within, and laws are Just temporary solutions to a seemingly permanent problem. Institutional Racism: Racism that is hard to see but usually is stronger racism. – institutionalized racism, hegemony widespread agreement that things were getting better but were truly not for certain colors and poor people Elevation -First truly massed produced suburbs that had identical designs to lower housing costs. Known as the archetype for postwar suburbs across the country -In 1957, Alfred Levity created the first Elevation, a suburban area of standardized homes that rated several suburbs and a defined middle class. It became a symbol of the American dream, but was restricted to white families only, a part of the housing segregation seen back then. Displays the hegemony of racial inequality ideologies, keeping races segregated and whites as â€Å"superior† and blacks and â€Å"others† as â€Å"inferior†. -All residents must be Caucasian so owners had business because whites wouldn’t live there otherwise. You read "AMS Final Study Guide" in category "Papers" Documentary: â€Å"Race: The power of illusion† deal with systemic racism in the development of suburbs and the impact of color-blind policy. FAA specifically redline families of color. White flight Malcolm Little The birth name given to Malcolm X, a black Muslim civil rights activist Was part of nation of Islam? Began as a coot suit wearing hustler In Robin Kelly’s Riddle of the Coot, he tells the story of Malcolm Little, also known as Malcolm X, a young African American growing up during the Coot Suit era and an increasing time of forming American identities. He acquired all of the fashionable adornments of the time such as the coot suit and the conk to erase his background and identity. -Committed a series of burglaries targeting wealthy white families He his Scottish maternal grandfather -He endured a lot of pain and self-degradation to kook like a Whitman because he internalized the idea that black people were â€Å"inferior† and white people were â€Å"superior†. Shows the American values at the time, and the segregation of races despite the melting pot mentality. McDonald’s A multinational corporation which has, in the past, been indicative of social and economic challenges created by multinational corporation operations. The world’s largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants worldwide since it is a transnational company, as talked about in McDonald’s in Beijing by Hanging Yawn. -Represents Americanization and American exceptionalness by instilling American culture onto there countries through advanced technologies and products. American globalization is spreading American culture and ideologies worldwide, trying to force conformity among other nations to merge the superior American culture. â€Å"I’m loving it† expo transnational: going beyond national boundaries or interests Michael Jordan -Served as an analog to the self-made man and also hinted at how rationalization occurs as we view professional basketball players and athletes in general. -Michael Jordan is arguably one of the greatest basketball players in the NAB. He Joined the Bulls in 1984 and made the team come back alive. Jordan was certainly the most effectively marketed professional sports player and credited for making NAB popular. Famous American basketball player that played on the Chicago Bulls from 1984 to 1998. Was the world’s first globalizes sports figure, becoming the global face of Nikkei advertisements worldwide. Importance represents the transnational of Nikkei and the globalization of American culture and values worldwide. Self-made man Marketing based on race â€Å"blackness† as a marketing scheme Nikkei -A transnational cooperation. Just do it† One of the first companies to actually hold a worldwide advertising campaign for its products. Use top athletes to sponsor their products and produces single products in multiple countries ex: â€Å"air Max penny is inspired by a basketball player whose nickname is Penny†¦ Shoe contains 52 separate components produced in five different countries† -Just do it! Is the slogan of Nikkei, which is a transnational corp oration. It shows that beyond American imperialism of advancing technologies and products, there is also a globalization of American ideals being sold, a form of cultural imperialism. Demonstrates how the boundary of American ideals spreads past US borders, using production and sale of manufactured goods as a vessel of transport. An example of the spread of American ideas and ideologies Sitcom suburbs -â€Å"cookie cutter† homes -The sass’s model of similar houses with an emphasis on the white middle class family. These suburbs were often an example of institutional racial segregation, with â€Å"red zone† areas being unable to get loans and land development. -Sitcoms such as â€Å"Leave it to Beaver† and â€Å"Father Knows Best† in the asses that portrayed a nuclear family living in the suburbs. Portrayed the transmission of gender roles and the ideals of a traditional family, for example women as the housewife that should clean cook and raise the kids, while men are the ones to work outside the house. Represents hegemonic forces reinforcing gender inequality ideologies onto the nation during a time that women were fighting for their independence. An example of state sanctioned racism towards African American homeowners. Also an example of the family unit becoming socially prominent. Sleepy Lagoon Murder/Hank Leaner’s -Trial began in 1942 Jose was found on the ground already stabbed and beaten The boys went into the house and fought, came outside and punched Jose but was not responsible for his death Trial went on for 3 months 12 defendants found guilty; Hank was sentenced to life After several advocates tried o get boys out of Jail and finally did, Hank walked out of Jail with a coot suit on -Race was the central part of the riot Riots broke out between Mexican-Americans and army personnel stationed in LA. White Americans believed coot suits were extravagant and unpatriotic during war time. While Mexican Americans saw the trial as discriminatory. Coot Suit Riots (1943): The trials found these Mexican-Americans guilty without any sufficient evidence because of their race: presumed to be dangerous and guilty. Social model of disability The idea of the social model of disability was presented by guest lecturer, Ryan Cartridge. It suggests that there is a public view that there is something inherently different about those we consider to be â€Å"Disabled. As such, there are institutional precedents to treat those with disabilities differently. Race can influence this -White male is seen as the ideal/ normal in our society, so the disabled are held to this standard impairment + scatterbrained Being in a wheelchair limits the person, but not as much as society makes it out to be. -Overcoming narrative Propaganda that says despite the disability people can do things. -Often parameterized -Ex: someone with down syndrome is asked to the prom is put in the newspaper, hen this shouldn’t be a big deal If the disabled can do it then so can you. Thus saying that if disabled people want to succeed at something, they only have to try hard. -This type of propaganda is used in the dual purpose of motivating those without disabilities, while simultaneously degrading those with disabilities, by saying that what a normal person has to overcome is equivalent to what a disabled person has to overcome. Concept Explanations: Transnational and Trans national Corporation -The idea that the economy, and especially large corporations, are increasingly operating across several nations. As such, they have vested interests in multiple countries and their economies. Overall the idea that corporations now have global effects rather than local ones -Watson Definition: â€Å"Transnational describes a condition by which people, commodities, and ideas literally cross–transgress– national boundaries and are not identified with a single place of origin. † â€Å"Transnational Corporations are popularly regarded as the clearest expressions of this new adaptation(transnational)†¦ Mode of production controlled from a headquarters complex located somewhere in the First World† -Watson Reading: Transnational, Localization, and Fast Foods in East Asia -McDonald’s-localization rather than transnational -Nikkei -Coca-Cola American Capitalism Enlightened sexism -Douglass definition â€Å"Enlightened Sexism is a response, deliberate or not, to the perceived threat of a new gender regime. † -â€Å"insists the women have made plenty of progress because of feminism-aka full equality has allegedly been achieved†¦ So now it’s okay to have sexist stereotypes of girls and women† because it’s funny since we obsessing over one man, because we all know women â€Å"aren’t† actually like that† Where the Girls Are; Enlightened Sexism -goes hand in hand with embedded feminism. American Dream-America’s possibilities are limited to select groups of people, in this case women are left out Frontier thesis -The Thesis proposed by American historian Frederick Turner in 1893. It was the idea that American democracy/identity was established by the American Frontier. He stressed that by moving the frontier line it shaped America.. â€Å"Gained new strength each time it touched a new frontier. † Also by pushing out the frontier America was cutting ties with British culture and customs. The idea was that the frontier land was free†¦ Oh wait. Native Americans were there first. The frontier is a place where savagery and civilization meet. Domesticating nature -Homestead Act of 1862 Signed by Lincoln at the beginning/during the Civil War. Meant that Union supporters were the ones granted land†¦ â€Å"Any person†¦ Who has never borne arms against the United States Government. † -First granted 160 acres, increased to 640 acres in 1904. This in itself sets up white privilege through the descendants of homesteaders. Manifest Destiny American Empire The American Empire is the idea that America has, in its past, utilized military tactics to increase land and resource holdings. The Philippines example from class â€Å"taking them for their own good†, as well as the Spanish-American war of 1896 -Hegemony, -American Exceptionalness -American imperialism (ex: eagle spreading its wings over many countries) Reading concept explanation: What does the author mean? What does it mean in a larger context? Example outside of class The Globalization of Michael Jordan by Walter Leveler: â€Å"The September 11 horrors raised, in the most stark and bloody terms, questions about the new capitalism that had shaped American-led globalization of the previous thirty years† (165-66). The terrorists who committed the crimes of 9-11 were a part of AH Qaeda, a religious organization that hated the US for corrupting their homelands and Saudi Arabia. The terrorists saw the US as the source of capitalism which they hate. Where the Girls Are by Susan Douglas: â€Å"American women today are a bundle of contradictions because much of the media imagery we grew up with was itself filled with mixed messages about what women should and should not do, what women could and could not be. This was true in the asses and it is true today’ (9). The American woman has thus emerged as a bundle of contradictions, seeking to be simultaneously passive and active, outspoken and diet, selfish and selfless, thrifty and profligate, daring and scared, and who had better know which persona to assume when† double standards The media has done number of things to confuse the roles of women. One such example is the producer ethos versus consumer ethos. At first the media was portrayi ng a producer ethos, but then there was a conflict, because they needed consumers to consume the produce of the producers. Therein lays contradiction nature of the media imposition on women. Magazines; pageants; Double V, Double Time: Bebop’s Politics of Style by Eric Lott: â€Å"Bebop was about asking disciplined imagination alive and answerable to the social change of the time† (597). Bebop was not protest music but it was played during a time of protest. I would say that according to black they saw it as more of their own thing not a rebellion Something they had and whites didn’t,. It was something for them to identify with. It was kind of like a voice for them I’d say, not so much a rebellion if that makes sense at all. And while bebop said there was a riot going on, it was hardly protest music† (597) -Double V- African Americans wanting equality at home and actor in Germany -Bebop: fast paced, lots of solos, said to be too loud and aggressive -Wanted something that whites couldn’t play. Identity for blacks Change the way people think along with the times, ope ning up the mind -Bebop was about making a change for blacks, a social change -Bebop, which breaks the paradigms established by its contemporaries, was seen as rebellious to WHITES and seen by blacks as something that was fully theirs. White culture interpret it as another coot suit riot -Punk Rock/metal, EDM? , youth in revolt, counter-culture in general Disability and the Justification of Inequality in American History by Douglas Boonton: â€Å"Thus, while disabled people can be considered one of the minority groups historically assigned inferior status and subjected to discrimination, disability has functioned for all such groups as a sign of and Justification of inferiority’ (34). Disability has been used to justify other historically inferior groups Boonton mentions Women’s suffrage, African American civil rights, and restriction of immigration -Women were deemed too emotional to vote, to have rights. Emotionality was used as a disability against women o say that they weren’t good enough -Race was used as a disability saying that others were inferior because of something like blindness, deafness, mental illness to justify segregation and immigration restrictions Disability that they weren’t as developed. People were too weak. Didn’t look strong enough†couldn’t enter US- immigration restriction -The same reasons/differences that are used to assign inferiority and give rise to discrimination are the same reasons the people with disabilities use to argue for were helping out lesser races but really we were going in for land and resources– babe? Immigrations exclusion acts: -Early 20th century: you look like you have poor physique- can’t immigrate 1903- epilepsy, insanity- can’t immigrate 1907-mental or physical defect which may affect you-can’t immigrate Haunted America by Patricia Limerick â€Å"Somewhere in the asses, the term [frontier] might undergo a crucial shift, toward the reality of la frontier and away from the fantasy of the frontier. That shift in meaning will be the measure of great change in this nation’s understanding of its own origins† (92). She argues that overall it is not very useful to look back at one’s story since all this does is make an individual conscience of the fear to repeat it, and that the only way to learn is through an action. Says that by the white man’s conquest we have intertwined the lives of native Americans and Anglo Saxons and we now have a more Joined nation through the tragedies experienced by both sides. -In terms of ‘la front ier’ this is reference to the Mexican American border. Wild west; manifest destiny -The Last Samurai, you can literally draw direct parallels from white men pushing west in America to the new Chinese government extermination of the old Samurai ay of life Cultural studies scholar Priscilla Wald: â€Å"Institutional racism and structural violence share the assumption that the distribution of power through which the state regulates life is a form of violence† (191). Structural and institutional racism see the ways in which people of color are disadvantaged by government where it is avoidable -They aren’t given the same opportunities or help as white people -The way that the government doesn’t help these struggling races is a how there is structural and institutional racism and it is an act of violence even though it is not direct physical violence. Ignoring them is violence Individual vs.. Institutional racism natural disaster vs.. Structural violence Hurric ane Strain: blacks not helped. Tourist (white) parts of the city rebuilt 100% but dominantly black neighborhoods still devastated. Government said they would come in to help but never did. American Studies is about making connections and asking good questions, and then making an argument based on the appropriate evidence. Your essay should engage with the ideas and arguments of at least four different primary or secondary texts from class. The primary texts can include any of the films, songs, novels, memoirs, or poems that we have covered so far in class. Your essay should at least cite one primary or secondary text (but no more than two) from before the midterm. An exemplary essay will have a clearly stated argument that is developed through your examples/ evidence. (You might even want to underline your argument to be absolutely clear). Be sure to explain and analyze the connections you are making between the texts and/or course themes that you are citing. You are not limited to material explicitly discussed in lecture and discussion and, in fact, are encouraged to cite examples that have not been discussed in lecture and discussion as it will reveal How to cite AMS Final Study Guide, Papers

The City Planners and the Planners free essay sample

In ‘The City Planners’ by Margaret Atwood and ‘The Planners’ by Boey Kim Cheng, both poet uses the structure of the poem and language techniques to form the difference between the place itself and its identity. The uniformity between these two poems is the feelings of the poet expresses for this place. In ‘The City planners’ Atwood describes the place as â€Å"dry August sunlight†, this portrays an imagery of no lighting, dark and negative and also suggests to the readers that she do not like where she are. Similarly, in â€Å"The Planners† where the poet expresses to the readers that he dislikes the atmosphere because â€Å"All spaces are gridded† which gives an imagery of there is no free space around this area. Both the poet highlights the identity of the city is perfect but in a negative way. Atwood uses sibilance in â€Å"cutting a straight swath in the discouraged grass. † This emphasizes that even nature is not freely grown, and it must get permission from the planners. We will write a custom essay sample on The City Planners and the Planners or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Of no difference in â€Å"The Planners† Cheng also uses nature and the same language techniques of sibilance o â€Å"skies surrender† which is suggesting the buildings are so high that the sky is scared of it. The city gives a feeling of unpleasant but the image of the city seemed to be perfect. Both poet is starting to introduce to the readers that the city is not as perfect as they have seen, they expresses the feeling of resentment. In â€Å"The City Planners† Atwood uses sibilance of â€Å"the roofs all display the same slant’ this portrays an imagery of the roof is facing the same way. The words â€Å"same slant† which hints that the house is all the same, the image of the house, the direction its facing, and also the lighting is coming from the same way. The surrounding of this place, gives a feeling of boring and lost. Because everything is the same and she cannot recognise where she is and when will the journey is going to finish. In â€Å"The Planners’ Cheng uses personification of â€Å"The country wears perfect rows of shining teeth†, this creates an imagery of the city itself is looking so perfect but with â€Å"dental dexterity† which suggesting that the powerful people ‘they’ are creating a perfect image for the city. Both poem refers to the place is not in beauty itself and when you spend more time and being very focus at it, you will realise its flaws. Atwood and Cheng use structure of the poem to highlight the exact opposite between the place and its image. Atwood is contradicting what she said in the beginning of the poem where nature is not allowed to be grown anywhere they like. But toward the end of the poem Atwood says that the â€Å"houses, capsized, will slide†, this listing creates a strong feeling of fearfulness and how danger is this place in the future. But â€Å"right now nobody notices. † Atwood finishes the poem of using contradictions that the â€Å"panic of suburb† which hints that this place is getting closer the problem. Cheng uses irony in â€Å"The Planners† where â€Å"history is new again†, history is something that is true which is happening in the pass. No one can change history. The planners can only change the image (identity) of the place but they can never change its pass. History is something that will remain in people’s mind as memory and therefore they can remember it forever. Both poems show the difference between the identity and its background and what the place really are. Atwood and Cheng express the difference of the identity to itself of the place. The contradictions and irony hints that the image of the place and itself can be very different. Give the message to the readers that do not judge a someone or a something by its appearance because the external may look perfect but its internal or the interior can be vice versa.

Words with the -ster Suffix

Words with the -ster Suffix Words with the -ster Suffix Words with the -ster Suffix By Mark Nichol The suffix -ster originated in Old English as -ister, serving to turn a verb into an agent noun, one describing a person who (or thing that) performs an action. Beginning its linguistic life as the feminine equivalent of -er, it survives in the specifically feminine noun spinster- originally, â€Å"a woman who spins,† but now a label for an older unmarried woman. In Middle English, the suffix lost its gender-specific function. Surnames that were originally agent nouns denoting occupations include Baxter (â€Å"baker†), Brewster (â€Å"beer maker†), and Webster (â€Å"weaver†); linguists are divided about whether these terms were exclusively applied to female practitioners of various crafts or referred to men as well. Another occupational term, teamster, originally referred to a wagon driver and later to a truck driver; this profession gave its name to the trade union called the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, which includes workers in many other trades. Other words that we hardly notice include the suffix include gangster and mobster, both referring to members of criminal organizations. (Bankster is a recent play on the former word, alluding to allegedly felonious acts of bank executives.) A slang term for one who plays basketball is hoopster, and young and old people are referred to as youngsters and oldsters respectively. Less common words include chorister (a member of a chorus), pollster (someone involved in developing or carrying out polls), and tipster (an informant). Most -ster constructions are neutral in tone, but two derisive appellations are hipster, referring to a person who self-consciously follows an alternative lifestyle, and scenester, someone who is ostentatiously immersed in a trendy social scene. Various words for people who practice various forms of humor include gagster, jokester, prankster, punster, and quipster. Trickster refers to a dishonest person or to one who, like a stage magician, uses tricks to benignly deceive others; in folkloric studies, the term denotes a type of god or other supernatural figure who is cunning or who practices deception. Two terms that refer to things rather than people are dragster (a car used in drag races) and roadster (a convertible sports car). Although lobster is likely an agent noun- from loppe, an Old English word meaning â€Å"spider,† and -ster, its name is folk etymology based on the Latin word locustra (also the origin of locust)- some words that end in -ster are not related. Monster, for example, is based on the Latin term monstrum, meaning â€Å"monster† or â€Å"omen.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of InfinitivesA While vs AwhileWords That Begin with Q

Using Haber and Estar for Spanish Compound Past Tenses

Using Haber and Estar for Spanish Compound Past Tenses Spanish students usually learn fairly early in their coursework that Spanish has two simple past tenses, the preterite and the imperfect. However, these two past tenses arent the only past tenses available. Auxiliary verbs can also be used to form perfect and progressive, also known as continuous, tenses, some of which refer to the past. Present Perfect Despite its name, the present perfect tense refers to past actions. It is formed by using the present tense of haber followed by the past participle and is the rough equivalent of the same tense in English. Thus He estudiado - he is the first-person indicative singular form of haber, and estudiado is the past participle of estudiar - would usually be translated as I have studied, where studied is the past participle of to study. In general, the present perfect tense is used to discuss actions that took place in the past but still have relevance to the present or are continuing up to the present. Note, however, that the present perfect tense of Spanish doesnt always coincide exactly with that of English; in some cases, the tense in Spanish may be translated to the English using the simple past. And there are regional variations in the tenses as well; especially in Spain, for example, it is common to use the present perfect for very recent events. Nunca he conocido a nadie como tà º. (I have never met someone like you.) ¿Cul es el mejor CD que has comprado? (What is the best CD you have purchased?)Hemos sufrido una pà ©rdida irreparable. (We have suffered an irreparable loss.)Bolivia y Nicaragua han pedido que el Consejo de Seguridad sea convocado de urgencia. (Bolivia and Nicaragua have asked that the Security Council be convened in emergency session.)Hace una hora ha nacido mi sobrina. (An hour ago, my niece was born. In some regions, the preterite would be preferred: Hace una hora nacià ³ mi sobrina.)Hoy he visto algo raro. (Today I saw something unusual.) Past Perfect Also known as the pluperfect, the past perfect tense is formed by using the imperfect form of haber followed by the past participle. Its uses generally coincide with the past perfect of English, formed by using had and the past participle. The distinction in meaning with the present perfect is that in the pluperfect the verbs action is completed and clearly distinct from the present. Yo habà ­a entendido los conceptos del curso, pero no los habà ­a aplicado. (I had understood the concepts of the course, but I had not applied them.)A medio kilà ³metro de distancia se encontraron otros cuatro cuerpos masculinos, que hasta el momento no habà ­an sido identificados. (A half kilometer away four other male bodies were found, which until that moment had not been identified.)Habà ­amos luchado durante tres aà ±os defendiendo la Repà ºblica. (We had fought for three years defending the Republic.)Mi padre habà ­a tenido una vida dura, pero llena de triunfos. (My father had had a hard life, but one full of triumphs.) Preterite Perfect The preterite perfect, sometimes known as the pretà ©rito anterior, is rarely used today except for literary effect; you are unlikely to hear it in everyday speech. It most often follows a time expression (such as cuando or despuà ©s que) and is formed by using the preterite of haber followed by past participle. It is usually translated to English the same way as the past perfect. Cuando el nià ±o se hubo dormido, el cura me pidià ³ permiso para dejarme. (When the boy had fallen asleep, the priest asked me for permission to leave me.)Tan pronto hubo escuchado aquellas palabras, salià ³ corriendo hacia la plaza. (As soon as he had heard those words, he left running toward the plaza.) Preterite Progressive The preterite progressive or preterite continuous is formed by using the preterite form of estar before the gerund. It is the equivalent of the was/were verb -ing construction in English but is used much less frequently. The Spanish preterite progressive often suggests that an action takes place or is repeated over an extended period of time. Este fin de semana pasado estuve andando por las calles de Oslo. (This past weekend I was walking through the streets of Oslo.)Estuve leyendo todos sus mensajes.  (I was reading all your messages.)Estuvimos muriendo de frà ­o. (We were dying of cold.) Imperfect Progressive The imperfect progressive (or imperfect continuous) is similar in meaning to the preterite progressive and is somewhat more common. It also is usually the equivalent of the was/were verb -ing construction in English. The imperfect progressive often suggests the ongoing nature of an action, while the preterite subjunctive suggests that it had an end. In practice, however, the distinction is a subtle one; all the example sentences with the preterite progressive could have been said in the imperfect progressive with little if any translatable difference in meaning. Un dà ­a antes del examen estuve estudiando con mi amigo. (One day before the test I was studying with my friend.)El actor estaba comiendo saludable como siempre. (The actor was eating healthfully as always.) Past Perfect Progressive Tenses Combine the gerund with the present perfect or pluperfect tense of estar (or of to be in English), and you end up with the past perfect progressive tenses. Their usage in the two languages is similar. Present indicative of haber estado gerund is the equivalent of have/has been gerund and imperfect of haber estado gerund is the equivalent of had been gerund. The present perfect progressive can refer to continuing actions that may be taking place up to the present:  ¿Cà ³mo se sabe si alguien ha estado usando marihuana? (How do you know if someone has been using marijuana?)He estado pensando en ti.  (I have been thinking about you.)Mam y yo hemos estado hablando del futuro.  (Mom and I have been talking about the future.) The pluperfect progressive tense, in contrast, generally refers to continuing actions that are completed (or, if still occurring, are no longer relevant): Andrea habà ­a estado hablando con Pablo todo el dà ­a.  (Andrea had been talking with Pablo all day.)Habà ­amos estado buscando una casa en Madrid. (We had been looking for a house in Madrid.)Habà ­an estado viviendo allà ­ mucho antes de que los espaà ±oles llegaran.  (They had been living there long before the Spaniards arrived.)

Sociology questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sociology questions - Essay Example By integration, the structural assimilation from may be on the primary level where minor group members enter the cliques and clubs of friendship in the dominant society or on the secondary level in which group members penetrate organizations or public institutions made by the dominating class. Intermarriage is another form of assimilation which allows members of the minor group to have marital engagement with the members of the dominant group to bring the lower status at a much higher level. In the case of pluralism, acculturation is a form taken by the group as it chooses to maintain its own identity whereas cultural differences are almost negligible in structural pluralism and the groups may be designated at different points within the social structure. Equivalently, pluralism may take integration without accumulation as the third form. (2) The experience of conquest and colonization differed for men and women. Summarize the gender differences in the experiences of African Americans, American Indians, and Mexican Americans. Why did these differences occur? In general, gender differences have stereotyped Afro-American men as hypermasculine and oversexed while Afro-American women are the ones capable of being ‘welfare queens’ and giving a significant number of births. African American men and women alike have shown great support at political struggle toward feminism and egalitarian views of men’s and women’s roles though Afro-American women display much liberalism. Mexican American men, on the contrary, have often been supposed to possess traditional gender functions though it still depends on the generation to which a man belongs and the type of experience with family under force of labor. Despite certain standards traditionally set by parents for their daughters, the latter, as Mexican American women in the making, behave with

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Strategic management - Essay Example Organizations can achieve success only when their productions, its brand image, reach and in total its profit reaches the upper echelons. The organizations can achieve all these above mentioned objectives, when it has good and importantly quality products or services to offer, then effective distribution strategies, good expansion strategies and finally optimal Leadership. All these aspects, if formulated and implemented effectively can elevate any organization, but if these aspects are not put into operation, the survival and success of the organization will be doubtful. So, this paper will analyze how the organization of Thorntons implemented all these above mentioned aspects or strategies from its origin to the year 2000 and from 2000 to the present day Thorntons, the largest manufacturer and retailer of specialist chocolates in United Kingdom, was founded by Joseph Thornton in 1911. His two sons, Norman Thornton and Stanley Thornton started working in the shop and aided him in retailing, devising recipes, and in the manufacturing process. The combined work of the family members provided their business a good impetus. Good flow of customers increased their profits and also their visibility, so they named their business after their family name. To increase their range of chocolate products, Stanley and Norman Thornton visited Switzerland in 1953. There they intend to find a good chocolate maker, who could make original and tasty chocolates. They visited Basle School for Swiss Chocolatiers and there they found Walter Willen, a capable student who only created some of the original recipes for Thorntons’ Continental chocolates. The Continental chocolate is the product range that was to become the largest-selling specialist assor tment of chocolates in the UK. After functioning for more than half a century at Sheffield, Thorntons moved to a purpose built modern food and chocolate production facility at

The Future Of Currency Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Future of Currency In the present day, the world's economy is ever-changing and adjusting. Many different reasons control the reasons for this. The future of currency is something that can only be predicted and is not guaranteed. However, there are many determing factors behind the changes that can take place. Asia and North America are two continents that have economies that have recently changed or are in the midst of change. World War 2 drew a hard blow and left a serious and lasting effect to many Asian countries. This however, did not hamper the growth of countries such as China, Japan and Vietnam as their governments were taking serious steps to recover economically. Thus, the global market cannot deny a place for these 'Asian Dragons', because these countries are growing at a tremendous pace to the extent of being capable in emerging as global market leaders. China's capitalism and boom was born when their president, Deng Xiaoping permitted the provinces to dismantle their communes and collective farms. This led China to venture into free-market economics, although they were still under the communist political system. When President Deng announced that they needed Western money and expertise, China flung their trade doors wide open and China went on a capitalist drive without ever looking back. By mid 1960's, the Chinese Revolution settled down to the job of ruling China. Its main goal was essentially nationalist: a prosperous modern economy. While there continued to exist substantially economic inequalities, distribution of wealth was probably a bit more equal than in most Western countries. (Moise 171) While there were great variations in income between different villages, and between different jobs in the urban sector, the overall averages showed a clear pattern: the cities were much richer than the countryside. Most capital investments were going into urban industries. The urban workers, using considerable amount of heavy machinery, had a much higher average level of productivity compared to the rural workers. The natural consequence was, for the city people, an average income level twice as high as that of the people in the countryside. The most obvious way to attack this poverty problem was to increase production, in all sectors of the economy. Though the easiest way to increase ... ... Works Cited Anderson, Sarah. et al. "NAFTA: Trinational Fiasco." The Nation July 15, 1996: 26-29 Carbaugh, Richard G. International Economics. U.S.A.: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1989. Dentzer, Susan. "The Pain and Gain of Trade." U.S. News Sept. 1992: 62+. Harbrecht, Douglas. et al. "What Has NAFTA Wrought? Plenty Of Trade." Business Week Nov. 21, 1994: 48-49 Lewis, Charles, and Margaret Ebrahim. "Can Mexico and Big Business USA Buy NAFTA?" The Nation June 14, 1993.hout the world. Gibney, Frank. "Vietnam: Back In Business." Time. April 24, 1995 Volume 145. No 17: 47-49 Mcgeary, Johanna. "The Next China." Time. March 3,1997. Vol. 149. No. 9. Moise, Edwin E. Moise "Modern China, A History." The Economic Growth. New York: Longman, Inc., 1986: 165-181. Prager, Karsten. "China: Waking Up To The Next Superpower." Time. March 25, 1996. Volume 147. No 13: 51-54. Rich, Joe. "Japan Since The Occupation." Asia's Modern Culture. 2nd Ed. Sydney: Longman Inc., 1980: 190-193 "The World of Information.Asia & Pacific Review,1995." 14th Ed. London: Kogan Page Publishing: 153-256

Leadership and Organization Behavior Essay

There are many business organizations that are started on various occasions, but only a few turn out to be successful organizations. The success or failure of an organization can mostly be associated with leadership. Leaders make a very big impact in the organization. The importance of leadership is recognized when the organization is going through some moments like crisis or serious changes, depending on how the issue will be handled. We can not just assume that leadership in the organization is shown at the top management, but even to the lower levels in the organization. Despite the importance of leadership, there has been no agreement on the definition of leadership in the organization. However, leadership can be defined as a means used to coarse people in the organization, without applying force, to work towards the attainment of the organizational goals, by motivating them. Non coercive method implies the leaders should make the people to follow them on a voluntary basis (Glasser, 2008). A leader influences a particular group to work towards achieving particular goals. Leadership does not depend on a formal authority or the title, but rather they carry out their tasks by applying leadership attributes such as; values, believes, knowledge, character, ethic and skills. The position of a manager, supervisor, leader etc give them the authority to accomplish certain goals and tasks in the organization, the power of manager lead or supervisor to accomplish organization goals does not make them leaders but simply they make themselves bosses. Leadership makes the followers want to make higher goals. Selfless services and honorable characters to the organization form the basis of good leadership. Respected leaders concentrate on what they know (such as jobs tasks and human nature), what they are (such as character and believes) and what they do (such as motivating implementing and providing directions. ). The qualities of a leader influence the followers to follow him. Followers want to be guided by the people whom they respect and have clear sense of directions. Leaders must be ethical in order to gain respect from their followers. Sense of directions among the leaders is achieved through conveying a strong vision of future (Glasser, 2008). Employee satisfaction in an organization can be predicted by the level of confidence and trust in the top leadership and effective communication. Effective communication helps to win organization confidence and trust which occurs through making the employees to become aware and understand the overall strategies of the organization, assisting the employees understand their roles which can contribute to the achievement of organizational goals and objectives and the information sharing between the employees and the leaders on how the organization is performing and how their departments are doing relative to the strategic goals of the organization. Therefore a leader must be able to communicate the vision of the organization and must be trustworthy. Good leaders need to concentrate the three attributes of leadership i. e. what they are, what they know and what they do. These attributes can be achieved by following the leadership principles. According to principles of leadership a leader is supposed to know himself and seek room for self improvement. A leader can know himself if he understands the principles of leadership. Seeking room for self improvement means that the leaders have to continuously strengthen their attributes. This can be achieved through interaction with others, reflection, self study and formal classes. Secondly the leaders must be technically proficient. Leaders are required to have a solid familiarity with their follower’s tasks and know their job (Nelson & Quick, 2007). Leaders must seek and take responsibilities of their action. They must such ways in which to guide their organization to achieve new heights. When things in the organization goes wrong leaders are not supposed to blame their followers or their fellow leaders but rather they should analyze the situation and come up with corrective response and be prepared to move into the next challenge. Leaders should make timely and sound decisions by use of good strategies of decision making solving problems and planning tools. Good leaders should set good role models by setting examples to others. They must see what they are expected to do not only hearing the changes they want to see. Leaders should know their people and care for their well being. They should know the human nature and take the responsibility for caring for their followers. Leaders are supposed to establish good communication with their followers. Communicating is a key responsibility in making sure that tasks are accomplished, supervised and understood. Team building and development of team spirit assist the leaders in employing their sections, organization, department etc to their fullest capabilities. Leaders should have an honest understanding of leadership attributes. They must also understand that determination of whether a leader is successful or not lies on the followers and not upon themselves. Followers are likely to get inspired if they lack confidence or trust in their leaders. Leaders are supposed to convince and set good example to their followers in order to become successful and be followed. Leaders lead through a two way communication between them and their followers sometimes communication between these two parties is non verbal. An example is when a leader sets a good example to the follower. The leader in this case does not necessarily require asking the follower on what to do about what himself is not willing to do. The way and how the leaders communicate with their followers improve or harm the relationship between them. Leaders are supposed to understand their followers in order to apply their leadership skills different followers would require different leadership styles. This means that a new employee may require more guidance and supervision than an experienced one. Also non motivated workers would require more motivation than motivated workers. Therefore the leader must understand the human nature through establishing the follower’s emotions, motivation and needs. Leader’s requiring to develop strategies on the possible cause of action for different situations (Nelson & Quick, 2007). The success of any leadership is determined in the degree in which the leaders are able to motivate the others. Motivation among the employees leads to work satisfaction. An organization may incur big losses if it looses its employees and therefore the key function of the leaders and the managers should be motivating the right people to remain and join the organization. Motivation directly affects the out put of an organization and this concerns both the quality and the quantity. The leaders and managers therefore need to understand how to motivate the followers according to the roles they play (Miner, 2005). The survival of an organization is determined by the motivation of the employees. On the other hand reinforcement focuses on the maintenance of motivation. The basic assumption in motivation are that the positive behavior among the followers that resulted to rewarding will be repeated and therefore negative behavior that resulted to negative consequences are less likely to be repeated. Certain behavior can be intensified and strengthened through reinforcement. Rewards and punishment are applied depending on whether certain behaviors occurred or did not occur. The role of the leaders is to strengthen the positive behavior through reinforcement (Miner, 2005). The employees and the leaders working in an organization have different characteristics. Leaders must learn how to manage the employee in their organization. The leadership skills that are acquired in schools are not sufficient to lead and manage the employees. Therefore training is important in order to ensure that individual objectives are aligned with organization objectives. To achieve this skills and knowledge are imparted to individuals. Goal setting on the other hand helps in defining the organization, give the direction to be followed and avoid chaos. Setting of organizational goals can help the leaders to motivate the employees by communicating what the organization have planned to achieve and through providing basis for recognition, success and achievements (Nelson & Quick, 2007). Goal setting helps in effectiveness of recruiting the followers. Team building results to many potential benefits which include; consensus building brain storming, looking at the problem from different perspective, trial and error, expert knowledge etc. employees are more encouraged to bring their work at the conference table and therefore they are likely to work harder. Leaders must ensure that there is an attitude of respect and tolerance for the ideas of the team member in the organization culture. The employees feel free in sharing their ideas with the team members when they help each other to succeed. Effective leadership helps in the success of the organizations. If there is no good leadership the organization may move too slow, become stagnant or even loose their direction. Timely decision making ensures that the running of organization is going on well. Leaders must ensure that decision making are correct, complete and involves all the stakeholders for the success of the organization (Nelson & Quick, 2007).